Orders. CARNAEIA. 57 





phalanges, like that of the preceding, has no nail. The membranes of their wings, instead of meeting 

 at the flank, are joined to each other at the middle of the Imck, to which they adhere by a vertical and 

 longitudinal partition [a character which occurs, however, more or less completely, that is, the volar 

 membrane is attached more or less near to the middle of the back, in some of the Roussettes]. 

 They have often only two incisors [when adult, which are inserted iu small cui-ved intermaxillaries, 

 that are moveable backwards and forwards]. 



" M. Isidore Geoffi-oy, in a monograph of this genus [Pteropus'], forms the Pt. personaius, Tem., 

 and some allied species, into the subgenus Pachysoma, which has four- molars less than the others, and 

 the zvgomatic arches more projecting: iht Pt. minimus or 7-osiratus coxt^^oi^s, his subgenus .Vac/o- 

 glossus, the muzzle of which is longer and more slender, and there are spaces between the grinders ; 

 it is believed that the tongue is extensile [now known to be slightly so, and of a rather longer and 

 more acuminate form than in the others]. Lastly, he separates the Cephalot of Perou from that of Pallas, 

 and applies to the former the name Hypodermis, on accoimt of the complete dorsal insertion of the 

 membranes of its wings."* 



\y\. Ten'^minck, in his excellent monograpli of the Ptei-opktie, or frug'ivorous Bats (published in 1835), adopts, as 

 generic, the divisions Ptcropus, Pachysoma (Ci/noplcnts, F. Ciiv.), Cephaiotes, Geof. (Iltjpudcrmis, Is. Geof.), 

 Harpyia, lUiger {Cephaiotes, Is. Geof.), and MacroylossM.x Six species are known of Pac/iysoma, viliich present 

 some other peculiar characters, 

 and vary in size from ten to twenty 

 inches across : the remaining- three 

 respectively consist of one known 



species only, viz., C. Peronii, ^^^^^l^fcfcu. i^ 



sometimes two and a half feet ^ . ^^^^^}:i^^^ ^^*^- - _ ^^^' 



in extent,— 77. PaUasii (fig. 9), a y/^ ~' — 



singular looking- animal, from Ti- /' '' 



mour, fourteen inches across, with /;' i'l- ; 'x^ % '',-S^ 



a claw on its fore-finger (like the r ■%, ' > .' Y---' \ ' ■■ fi' 



Cephalot), and projecting tubular "\, , "'•; ''t';:. \ . i- {' 



nostrils, — and it/, rostraius, the v7 , -■-:•. ...j ,-^ \. 



Kiodote, the smallest of the tribe, '■^.- -•— .i,^ ^• 



rarely measuring a foot in spread "■.iy^ 



of wing, and which is kno.iTi to 

 subsist chiefly on the fruit of the 

 Clove {Eiiyeiiitt) ; its grinders are 

 remarkably diminutive. Between 

 these frugivorous Cheiroptera and 



the following genera, the lapse is Fig 9 - Harpyia raiiasii. 



very considerable.] 



The Roussettes having been detached, the genuine Bats remain, all of which [excepting Desmodus] are 

 insectivorous, and possess three grinders on each side of both jaws, beset with conical points, and 

 preceded by a variable number of false molars. Their index never has a nail, and, a single sub- 

 genus excepted, the membrane always extends between their hind-legs. [The greater number have 

 cheek-pouches, and most, if not all, emit a peculiar low clicking note.] 



They should be divided into two principal tribes : the first having three bony phalanges to the 

 middle finger of the -ning, while the other finger and the index even have only two. To this tribe 

 which is almost exclusively foreign, belong the following subgenera : — 



The Molossines {Molosms, Geof. DysopusX, Illig.) 



These have the muzzle simple ; the ears broad and short, arising near the angle of the lips, and 

 uniting with each other upon the muzzle ; the tragus short, and not enveloped by the conch. Their 

 tail occupies the -whole length of the interfemoral membrane, and very often extends beyond it, 

 [Their wings are narrow, and body large and heavy.] It is seldom that they have more than two in- 

 cisors to each jaw : but, according to M. Temminck, several of them have at first six below, four of 

 which they successively lose. 



* This passage occurs in the Appendix to the original work.— Ed. j is likexrise uiied in Ornithology-, where another appellation must bt 



t The term M'tcrogtossuSp ho\vcver, has unfortunately been pre- ' substituted. — Ed. 

 occupied in Entomology: for which reason Kiodotus (the common $ This term is more generally accepted. — Ed, 



same of the Bpecies, latinized] may be proposed iu its stead, JJarpyia | 



