C-i 



Div. 1. VERTEBRATE ANIMALS.— MA:\IMALIA. 



Class 1. 



The 



Many of the foregoing animals fly with their young invoned in tlic interfeiuoral membrane, 

 extremity cf the tail in some is slightly prehensile. 



We would remark, here, tliat the order Primaria, indicated at p. 43, resolves into two 

 primary sections, of which the second is constituted by the Cheiroptera, as opposed to the 

 remainder, or the Bimana and Quadnmana of Cuvier. We regard the Cheiroptera as 

 divisible into two groups only of the value of families, namely, Pteropidce, comprising the 

 frugivorous genera, and Vespertilionida, comprehending all the remainder, which may pro- 

 bably be reduced to seven or eight primary divisions. The remains of insectivorous Cheiroptera 

 have been detected in the European tertiary deposits.]* 



The Colugos {Galceopithecus, Pallas) — 

 Differ generically from the Bats in having their fingers, which are armed with trenchant nails, no 

 longer than the toes, so that the membrane which occupies their intervals, and extends to the sides of 

 the tail, can only officiate as a parachute. Their canines are dentelated, and as short as the molars. 

 They have two [four] dentelated incisors above, very widely apart; sbc below f, split into narrow 



strips like a comb, a structure altogether pe- 

 cuhar. These animals live on the trees in the 

 Indian archipelago, and pursue insects, and per- 

 haps birds ; to judge from the detrition which 

 their teeth experience with age, they would ap- 

 pear to subsist also upon fruits. They have a 

 large caecum. 



[Tills remarkable genus accords chiefly witli the 

 Bats in the adaptive structm'e of its hind extremities, 

 and in the tail being completely attached to interfc 

 moral membrane : the molars, also, are sharply tubeF 

 culaten, implying' an insectivorous regimen, at leasl 

 in part ; but this character is coninion to several Utrcp- 

 sirrliini ■ there is also a tendency to an opposable 

 power in both the fore and bind thumbs. The 

 general anatomy agrees very closely with that of the 

 Lemurs ; one marked feature in which it differs from 

 the Hats is, the presence of a large coecum, as intimated 

 by Cuvier. The orbits of the skull, though raised, 

 aie much less approximated than in the Lemurs, and 

 incomplete ; in which respect this genus chiefly devi- 

 ates from the type of the Quadruniaiia. A parachute 

 mcnibrane occurs, likewise, among the Squirrels and 

 riialangers, only not extending to the tail, as in the 

 present instance; this, therefore,is merely an adaptive 

 character of minor importance. Linna;us designated 

 the only species he knew Lemur volans. 



"T«o species," remarks Teniminck, "arc strongly 

 characterized by their osteology ;" which maybe pre- 

 smned to be those provisionally named by Waterhouse 

 G. Temmiiichii, and C. pfiillpplncnsls, both of which are extremely variable in colour. The former is more exten- 

 Bively dilTusod, and superior in its linear dimensions, but with smaller hands and cars ; its teeth are separated by 

 intervals, and tlic parietal ridges of the cranium are widely apart : in the latter there are no interspaces between 

 the teeth, which arc much stouter and broader; the jaw is accordingly much stronger, and to impart ad- 

 ditional vigour to the muscles which operate upon it, the parietal ridges, to which they are attached, almost meet 

 on the occiput. They inhabit lofty trees in dark woods ; to which they cling with all four extremities, and traverse 

 easily by means of their strong and extremely compressed, very hitching claws ; they also leap and float a dis- 

 tance of n hundred yards in an inclined plane, supported by the membrane. They are very inoflensive animals, 

 KUbsisting in part on the leaves of the nanka, or jack-fruit ; and when captured, do not attempt to bite, as has often 



Fii;. CI.— rmlioiiUl.couB Tiniminckll. 



• Our plnii i.nlr pcrmllllni: ii> lo clusi those niilmah the ch.lMctcri 

 of which >vc l.a.c pcr»on.illy inccrnltud, or /rom very complete 

 <lc.rri,.li-.„. aii.l figure., «c h»ve been obliged to omit several Rcncra 

 o( MM. U.finc«<|ae, I.i-acli, fee. ; and n.ajr here observe th.it there is 

 no grcap of knimaU whiih ttinds more iu need of revision thon 



tlint of the n.-ita — a revision from Nature, nnd not from compilatiuo. 

 [Tlieir mutual alfmitics particul.irly require elucidation. J 



t Analogy with the Lemurs iiuimates that the exterior of these 

 represent the canines. — Kd 



