86 



DiY. 1. VERTEBRATE ANIMALS— MAMMALIA. 



Class 1. 



in the hind feet, the outer and inner toes are the longest, and the intermediate comparatively short. 

 Their fore feet are enveloped in the integuments of the body as far as the wrist, the hinder almost to 

 the heel ; between the latter is a short tail. The head of a Seal resembles that of a Dog ; and they 

 have the same intelligence and mild and expressive physiognomy. They are easily tamed, 'and become 

 much attached to their feeder. The tongue is smooth, and notched at the end, their stomach simple, 

 coecum short, intestinal canal long, and tolerably regular. These animals subsist on fish, which they 

 always devour in the Mater, and are enabled to close their nostrils when diving, by means of a sort of 

 valve. As they remain long below the surface, it was supposed that t\\e foramen ovale continued open 

 as in a foetus, which is not the case : they have a large venous cavity, however, in their liver, which 

 assists them in diving, by rendering respiration less necessary to the motion of the blocid. The 

 latter is very abundant and very dark. 



Analogous to Calocephala, The Seals, (properly so called, or without external ears), — 

 Have the incisors pointed ; all their toes enjoy a certain degree of motion, and are terminated by 

 pointed nails placed on the edge of the connecting membrane. 



They may be divided according to the number of their incisors. In 



Calocephala, F. Cuv. IPhoca, as restricted], — 



There are six above and four below. [The cheek-teeth have more than one root ; and besides the 

 main cutting point, there is on each an anterior smaller one, and two posterior. The brain is in this 

 division amply developed, and the intelligence proportionate.] 



The common Seal (PA. vitulina, Lin. ; Ph. Httorea, Thiem.)— Common on the coast of Europe in vast herds, and 



extending- far to the north. The European seas, 

 however, contain several Phncce, which have 

 been long- confounded, some of which are per- 

 haps varieties of the others ; as Ph. hispida, 

 Schreb. ; Ph mnellata, Nills. ; Ph./vtida, Fabr., 

 &c. [Those of the British islands much require 

 elucidation.] A species more easily recog- 

 nized is 



The Harp Seal (Ph. groenlandica and. oceanica, 

 Auct.), from the whole north of the globe. [Re- 

 markable for the ditTerence in marking between 

 the adult male (fig. 37) and the female and 

 young; length five feet. It pertains to the British 

 fauna, as does also the next species, according to 

 report, for which the JIalichwrus griseus, how- 

 ever, has been generally mistaken.] 



Bearded Seal (Ph. barbata, Fabr.), a northern 

 species, surpassing all the preceding ones in 

 size, which is from seven to eight feet. Its 

 moustaches are thicker and stronger than in the 

 others. [Several more are known from the north- 

 ern hemisphere.] 



Filj. v.— Gref nlnnii Seal. 



The Sterrincks {Stenorhijnchns, F. Cuv.) — 

 Possess four incisors to each jaw, and cheek- 

 teeth deeply notched into three points (fig. 38), 

 [but with single roots : the muzzle slender and 

 much elongated ; and very small claws]. 



One only is known (Ph. lepton)/.r, Bl.), from the 

 Austral seas: size of the Bearded Seal. [An allied 

 Kpecics constitutes 



The Leptonyx {Leptonyx, Gray) — ■ 

 Tbe grinders of which arc bluntly threc-lobed, 

 the muzzle broad and rounded, and hind feet 

 clawless. 



Olaria TVeddelUi, Lesson.— Also fiom the South Seas]. 



Tie. 38.— Tetth of Stcrrinck. 



