90 



Div. 1. VERTEBRATE ANIMALS.— MAMMALIA. 



Class 1. 



tries, where they constitute, very nearly indeed, the only mammiferous animals ; but fossil 



remains of them occur, sparingh^ in the ancient secondary deposits of Europe, where 



hitherto no higher Mammalia have been detected. Consequently, the Marsupiata would 



appear to have been much earlier introduced upon our planet ; a further indication, if not 



of their inferiority, at least of their intrinsical separateness as a group : there is reason 



also to suspect that at former epochs they were much more numerous, as well as generally 



diffused, than at present.*] 



The first subdivision of them is distinguished by long canines, and small incisors to 



each jaw ; the back molars are beset*with pointed tubercles, and the general character of 



the teeth is the same as in the Insectivora, which these animals entirely resemble in their 



regimen. 



The Opossums {Didelphis, Lin.), — 



Wliich of all the Marsupiata have been the longest known, compose a genus peculiar to America. 

 They have ten incisors above, and eight below; three anterior compressed molars, and four sharply 

 tuberculated back molars, the superior of which are triangular, the inferior oblong : so that, with the 

 four canines, they have in all fifty teeth, a number greater than has as yet been observed iu any other 

 quadruped.f Their tongue is bristled, and tlie tail prehensile and in part naked ; the hinder thumb is 

 long and effectively opposable to the four other digits, whence the name Pedimana has been applied 

 to these animals ; it is not furnished with a nail. Their extremely wide mouth, and large naked ears, 

 give them a peculiar physiognomy. The glans penis is bifurcated. They are fetid and nocturnal 

 animals, whose gait is slow ; nestle upon trees, and there pursue birds, insects, &c., without rejecting 

 fruit: their stomach is small and simple, and the ccecum moderate and without enlargements. 



The females of certain species have a deep pouch, wherein are placed their teats, and in which the 



young are inclosed. 



The Common Opossum (D.virginiana, Pen. (fig'. 41.) 

 —Nearly the size of a Cat: fur, a mixture of black 

 and white: it inhabits the whole of America, enters 

 the -rillages at night, and attacks poultry, devour- 

 ing their eggs, &c. The young at birth, sometimes 

 sixteen in number, weigh only a grain each. Al- 

 though blind and nearly shapeless, they find the 

 nipple by instinct, and adhere until they have at- 

 tained the size of a Mouse, which happens about the 

 fiftieth day, at which epoch they open their eyes. 

 They continue to return to the pouch until they are 

 as large as Rats. The term of uterine gestation 

 is only twenty-six days. [Several others are known ; 

 one of which] the Crab-eating Opossum (A), caiuri- 

 torus), frequents the marshes of the sea-coast, where 

 it feeds chiefly upon crabs. 



Other species possess no pouch, 1)ut merely a 

 vestige of it, or fold of skin on each side of the 

 belly. They liabitually carry their young on 

 their backs, the tails of the latter being entwined 

 round that of the mother. 



[A considerable number are known, from South 

 America.] 



f'iH. -11.— Cumninn Opuasuin. 



• Sliiic writini: the nhovf. Prof, nininvMlc hm published an claim- 

 rule y.»\ny on Ihc rcpulril Mnriupinln of Ihc- .rcoiulary drpoiits, 

 wbrrrin he a'rtvanco the opinion thai Ihi-ic colchralcd fnnsil rcniaina 

 •ppcriain ralhcr lo rrptilei of a higher oreaiiiinlion than any now 

 f«i«lin|t. M. Valcncirnno and Prof. Owen have Bulnei|uenllv ad- 

 vocale.l the currently received opinion; while the first-nanied nalu- 

 nlisi lua been aupported by Dr. Uraul, who long previously had ' 



The Yap.\ch {Cheironecfcs, Illig.j — 

 [Is merely an aquatic Opossum, with semi-pal- 

 mate toes.] 



entertained the same idea. The question still remains lubjudicf; and 

 II even a*,>pears that the obiections to either solution ol the didicultj 

 are more weijfhty than the ar^jumeiilH in its favour. 



t There arc fifty two teith in the newly discovered Myrmrrobiut. 

 The multirilication of the teeth in the Cetncta in on a dilTerenl 

 principle — Ed. 



