Order 9. CETACEA. 137 



substance for which they are principally hunted, as the body does not yielil a large proportion of 

 hhihhcr : tliese cavities, however, are very distinct from the true cranium, which is rather small, is 

 placed under their posterior portion, and contains the brain as usual. It appears that cavities filled 

 with this spermaceti, or adijwcire as it is called, are distributed to several parts of the body, communi- 

 cating with those which fill the mass of the head ; they even ramify through the external fat or 

 blubber. The odorous substance kuov\'n by the iippellation ambergris appears to be a concretion 

 formed in the intestines of the Cachalots, particularly during certain states of disease, and, it is said, 

 chiefly in the ccECum. 



The species of this g-enus are by no means well determined. That which appears most common, the Ph. macro- 

 cephalus of Shaw and Bonaterre, but not of Linnaeus, has a mere callous prominence instead of a dorsal fin ; there 

 are from twenty to twenty-three teeth on each side of the lower jaw, and small conical ones hidden beneath the 

 gum in the upper : its blow-hole is single, and not double as in the greater number of Cetarea ; neither is it 

 symmetrical, but is directed towards the left, and terminates on that side on the front of the muzzle, which latter 

 is truncate.* In addition to this, it is stated that the left eye is often smaller than the other, for which reason the 

 whalers endeavour to attack it on that side. Tliis spee ies nuist be very extensively distributed, if, as is asserted, 

 it alone furnishes the whole of the spermaceti and ambergris of commerce, for these substances are brought from 

 both the north and south. Cachalots without a dorsal fin have even been taken in the Adriatic. 



The Physeters, Lacepede, — 



Are Cachalots with a dorsal fin. 



Two species only have been distinguished {micropx, and tiirs/o or mnlar), and those merely by the equivocal 

 character of having the teeth curved or straight, blunt or pointed. Tliese animals are found both in the Mediter- 

 ranean and glacial seas, in the latter of which they are reputed to be cruel enemies to the Seals. 



The Whales {Bal(Ena, Lin.) — 

 Equal the Cachalots in size, and in the proportional dimensions of the head, although the latter is not 

 so much enlarged in front ; but they have no teeth whatever [beyond the rudiments of them in the 

 fcetal state]. The two sides of their upper jaw, which is keel-shaped, are furnished with thin, trans- 

 verse, serrated larainne, termed baleen or whalebone, composed of a sort of fibrous horn fringed at the 

 edges, which serve to retain [and strain from the water] the minute animals on which these enormous 

 cetaceans feed. Their inferior jaw, supported by two osseous branches arched outwardly and upward, 

 without any armature, affords lodgment to a very thick and fleshy tongue, and, when the mouth is 

 closed, envelopes all the internal part of the upper jaw and the baleen with which it is invested. These 

 organs do not allow Whales to feed on such large animals as their vast size would lead to imagine. 

 They subsist on fish, hut principally on worms, mollusks, and zoophytes, and it is said that they 

 chiefly take the very smallest, whicli become entangled in the filaments of the baleen. Their nostrils, 

 better organized for smell than those of the Dolphins, have some ethmoidal laminae, and appear to 

 receive some small olfactoi7 nervous filaments. They have a short coecum. 



Tlie Great Northern AYliale {B. mi/sticeii(s, Lin.) was long considered to he the largest of known animals, but it 

 appears from the recent observations of Capt. Scoresby, that it scarcely ever exceeds seventy feet in length, which 

 the Rorquals or ^Yhales with wrinkled bellies frequently surpass, it has no dorsal fin. To procure its blubber, 

 often several feet in thickness, and yielding an immense quantity of oil, whole fleets are annually equipped in 

 pursuit of it. Formerly bold enough to venture into our seas, it has gradually retired to the far north, where the 

 number is daily diminishing. Besides its oil, it furnishes the black and flexible ivhalehone of commerce, the pieces 

 of which are eight or ten feet long, and to the number of eight or nine hundred on each side of the palate. A 

 hundred and twenty tons of oil are obtained from a single individual. Shelled Mollusks attach themselves to its 

 skin, and multiply there as upon a rock ; the Balanus family even penetrate into it. The excrement is of a fine 

 red colour, and atfords a tolerable dye. There is a very similar species in the Antarctic seas. 



Other species, 



The RoRauALs {Balcenoptera, Lacepede), — 



Have a dorsal fin, and are subdivided according as the belly is smooth or wrinkled. [As the former 

 section is unquestionably founded in error, as suspected by Cuvierf, we pass to those] wliich have the 

 throat and uuder-parts wrinkled with deep longitudinal folds, and consequently susceptible of great 

 dilatation, the intent of which, in their ecouomy, is yet unknown. 



* We have verified on two crania tliis want of sj'mnietry in the i induces us to credit the ineqnalltv of the eves inentinneJ bv Eifi^ile. 

 •piT^cIe, announced hy Dudley, Anderson, and Swedianer, which 1 f fhe wrinkled t>eUy being simply filled out with water. 



