Order 1. 



ACCIPITRES. 



IGl 



chiefly during twilight, or by the light of the moon. When attacked by day, or struck by the 

 appearance of some new object, they [the majority of them] do not fly off", but stand more 

 erect, assume grotesque attitudes, and make the most ludicrous gestures. 



Their stomach is tolerably muscular, [as compared with the Falcons,] although their prey 

 is wholly animal; consisting of Mice, small birds, [even fish in some instances,] and insects ; 



but IS preceded by a large craw, [an inadvertent statement 

 of the author, as the absence of any expansion of the 

 gullet, which is wide, but always of uniform diameter (see 

 fig. 79 «)> invariably distinguishes the nocturnal from all the 

 diurnal birds of prey] ; the coeca (6) are long, and enlarged 

 towards the extremity, &c. Small Birds have a natural 

 antipathy to them, and assemble from all parts to assail 

 them ; hence they are employed to attract Birds to the 

 snare. [It may be added, that their tarsi are in no in- 

 stance scaled, even when denuded of feathers, as in the 

 subdivision Ketupa ; all of them lay round white eggs.] 

 They form one genus, that of 



The Owls {Striv, Linn.), — 

 Which may be divided according to their head-tufts, the size of 

 their ears, the extent of the circle of feathers which surrounds 

 their eyes, and some other characters. 



Those species which around the eyes have a large complete 

 disk of fringed feathers, itself surrounded by a circle or collar of 

 scaly feathers, and between the two a large opening for the ear 

 (see fig. 80), are moi'e lemoved in their form and manners from 

 the diurnal Birds of Prey, than those in which the ear is small, 

 oval, and covered by fringed feathers which come from below 

 the eye. Traces of these differences are perceptible even in the 

 skeleton, [though only as regards the degree of stoutness of the 

 Fig.79.-Aiimen..ryc»naiof»nOwi:.,,heguiiet, '5ones(seefigs. 81 and84), there being no gradation or transi- 

 devo.dofauy.raw; 6, the c<ica.* ^-g^ j^^j^ jj^g palcons, either in the skeleton or digestive organs. 



The following arrangement of the Owls, based on the comparative size of the aperture of the ear, is 

 liable to the objection of dispersing some nearly allied groups, and approximating others that are less 

 so, which is almost necessarily the result of too exclusive attachment to any single character.] 

 Among the first species, we will distinguish 



The Hiboux {Otus, Cuv.), — 



Which have two tufts of feathers (vulg. horns) which they 

 can erect at will, and the ear-conch of which (fig. 80), 

 extends in a semicircle from the beak almost to the top of 

 the head, and is furnished anteriorly with a membranous 

 operculum. Their feet are feathered to the toes. Such, in 

 Europe, are 



The Long-tufted Hibou (Str. otus, Lin.). — Very widely distri- 

 buted ; it inhabits woods, especially those of fir and other ever- 

 greens, and breeds generally in deserted Crows' nests : and 



The .Short-tufted Hibou (Str. brachyotus, Lin.). — Found almost 

 every where, [if indeed the same species, which there is reason to 

 doubt : it inhabits open moors, breeds on the ground, and exhibits 

 trifling sexual disparity of size. This bird is scarcely, if at all, 

 dazzled by sun-light : it is the Brachyotus palustris of Gould]. 



We apply the designation of 



Fig. 80.— Ear of Hibou, 

 Copied from M. M'tiillivrav'^ Raijatious Birtis of Britain. 



as obser^'cd by 

 riur flap. 



raiAiiig Its ant}- 



