Order 5. COLEOPTERA. 525 



differ from the females in being armed with peculiar horns or tubercles either on the head or thorax ; 

 thelabrum is generally entirely concealed; in some species the maxilla; are terminated by a simple coria- 

 ceous or crustaceous lobe, without teeth ; in others they are scaly, pointed, and armed with a few teeth ; 

 the sternum is not prominent ; the tarsal ungues are generally equal, the colours generally black or brown. 

 Onjctes, Illig. (havnig the legs scarcely differing in length, with the fom* hind tibiae thick and toothed, [a very 

 numerous genus]— type. Scar, nasicornis, Linn., a reputed British si)ecies, 14 inch long-, the male having a curved 

 horn on the head,) and Agacephala, Mann, (having the fore-legs in the male considerably elongated, and the four 

 posterior tibia; slender, and comprising a few Brazilian insects), differ from the following in having the nifuxillae 

 terminated by a coriaceous lobe without teeth. The others have them liorny, and more or less toothed. 



Scarabieus proper {Geotriipcs, Fabr.), has the body very thick, and the outside of the mandibles sinuated or 

 toothed. The equatorial countries of both hemispheres produce some very remarkable species. 



[Mr. Mac Leay, considering that the name Scarabceus ought to be retained for the sacred Scarabaei, or the Ateuchi 

 of this work, and that the name Geotrupes ought to be given to the species which strictly merit that name, from 

 their habits of burrowing into the ground, has proposed the name of Dynastes for these giant beetles here described 

 under the name of ScarabKUS. Mr. Kirby has further separated some species, especially in his manuscripts 

 presented to the Entomological Society, founded upon the structure of the mouth, and which Mr. Hope has made 

 use of ill his ColcopterisVs Manual, part i., in which many new genera are described and illustrated, with figures 

 mostly drawn by me from Mr.Kirby's own dissections, so that the observation of Latreille, that the study of thisgroup, 



in respect to the structure of the mouth, has not 



been sufficiently profound, is no longer to be made. 



The species are very numerous ; one of the largest is] 

 Scarabieus hercules, Linn. — Five inches long ; 



from South America, black, with grey elytra spotted 



with black. 

 Phileurus, Latr., has the body depressed, and the 



mandibles narrow, without teeth on the outside. 



[Composed of exotic species.] 



Our second division [Rutelida:, Mac L.] is 

 nearly allied to the preceding in some respects, 



Fig. 70.— ScttrabKus hercules. 



and also to the Melolonthce and some Cetoniae 

 of which they have the appearance, but the mouth is different. The body is shorter, rounder, and more 

 polished than in the Scarabaji, and ornamented with brilliant colours. The head and thorax are 

 identical, and not cornuted in cither sex ; the maxillae are scaly, truncated at the tip, with five or six 

 strong teeth. The mesostcrnuni is often porrected, the scutellura large, and the tarsal claws unequal- 

 sized. With few exceptions, they are confined to the equatorial regions of the New World. 



Hexodon, 01iv.,has the mesosternum simple, the body sub-orbicular, depressed, legs slender, and tarsal claws 

 minute and equal. [Composed of two African species.] 



Cyclocephala, Latr. {Chalepus, Mac Leay), has the sternum also simple, the body ovoid, tlie tarsal claws unequal. 

 Numerous South American species. In the following the sternum is advanced between the middle feet. 



C/tiysophora, Dej., has the hind legs of the males enormously dilated and elongated. Scarabicus macropus 

 [Francillon, from South America]. 



Rutela, Latr. (and Pelidnota, Mac Leay, Oplognathus, Kug.), has the feet not remarkably differing in the sexes 

 the scutellum small, or moderate. 



Macraspis, Jlac Leay, differs in having a greatly developed scutellum, and the mandibles nearly triangular. 



Chasmodia, Mac Leay, has a large scutellum and sternal point, but the mandibles are narrow, and obtuse at the 

 tip : all the tarsal claws are entire. 



Ometls, Latr., differs from the above in having the epimera developed between the hind angles of the thorax 

 and shoulders of the elytra. 



The genus Mehlontha, of Fabriciiis, constitutes our fourth and fifth sections. 



The fourth section {Phyllophaga), is formed of Scarabicides, nearly allied to the last described sub- 

 genera, but the mandibles are concealed above by the clypeus, and beneath by the maxilla, the outer 

 edge being alone exposed ; they are destitute of any sinus or tooth on the outside ; the number of joints 

 in the antenna varies from eight to ten, that of the club also varies, and, in this respect, the sexes often 

 diflfer ; the elytra are united along the whole length of suture. 



[This section comprises Mac Leay's two families, Anoplofjnatludcp. and Melolonthidce.'] 



The first division {AiwplognatJiides) has the clypeus thickened in front, forming alone, or with the 

 labrum, a vertical triangular face, the point of which is applied to the mentum ; the maxillae of some 

 are terminated by a coriaceous or membranous lobe, very long, and without teetli, or having but very 

 small ones, and situated near the middle of the internal margin ; in others they are entirely horny, 

 resembling mandibles either entire at the tips, or terminated by two other teeth. 



