562 



Div. 3. ARTICULATA.— IXSECTA. 



Class 3. 



yellow, spotted with black, and which Shaw and Denon have figured in the accounts of their voyages in Africa 

 they then reduce them to powder, which they use as flour, as 1 learn from M. Savig-ny. These two species, and 

 some others, have a conical prominence upon the prosternum, and compose the genus Acryiiium. Amongst 

 those which do not present this character, and in which the antenna are equally filiform, some have the 

 wing-covers and wings perfect in the two sexes, and belong to the genus which I have named CEdipoda. In this 

 number are G. stridulus, G. cterulescens, [G.flavipes, and a great number of smaller species found in this country, 

 usually called Grasshoppers, but distinguished by their shorter antennae.] 



Other Acrydia, similarly winged and with filiform antennae, have the upper part 

 of the prothorax strongly elevated, very compressed, forming a sharp crest, rounded 

 and prolonged into a point behind. Foreign countries possess nunrierous species, 

 one only of which, and of smaller size, is found in the south of France (A, arma- 

 turn, Fischer.] 



In the others, one of the sexes, at least, has the wing-covers and wings very short, 

 and in no wise fitted for flight. I have formed for these a new generic group, named 

 Podisma. 



The Acrydia which have the antennae thickened at the tips, either in both sexes or in only one of them, are 

 formed also into a peculiar genus, Gomphocerus, by Thunberg. G. sibiricus, and other small British species. 



In the second division of the genus Acrydium, the prosternum receives in a cavity a part of the under-side of 

 the head ; the tonguelet is quadrifid, and the tarsi have no pulvillus between the ungues ; the antennae have only 

 13 or 14 joints ; the thorax is prolonged behind like a large scutellum, which is sometimes longer than the entire 

 body, and the wing-covers are very small. These Orthoptera form the genus 



Tetrix, Latr. {Acrydium, Fab., part of Gryllus bulla, Linn.), which is composed of very small species. 



.,J^^^ 



Fig 93.— G. flavippi. 



THE SEVENTH ORDER OF INSECTS,— 



THE HEMIPTERA (Rhyngota, Fabr.),— 



Terminate in our system the numerous division of insects furnished with wing-covers, and 

 being the only ones among them which have neither mandibles nor maxillae, properly so 

 called, [that is, fitted for biting]. A tubular articulated tongue, cylindrical or conical in its 

 form, curved downwards, or directed under the breast, having the appearance of a kind of 

 rostrum ; presenting throughout its whole upper face, when stretched forward, a gutter, or 

 canal, out of which three scaly, stiff, slender, and pointed setae may be withdrawn, and which 

 are covered at the base by a tonguelet ; these setse form unitedly a sucker, resembling a sting, 

 having for its sheath the tubular piece above described, and in wliich it is kept by means of 

 the superior tonguelet [or labrum], situated at its base. The inferior seta is composed of two 

 threads united into one at a short distance from their origin ; thus the number of the pieces 

 of the sucker is, in reality, four. M. Savigny considered that the two superior setae, or those 

 which are separate, represent the mandibles of the biting insects, and that the two threads of 

 the inferior seta answer to the maxillae (or rather, as it appears to me, to their terminal lobes, 



which in the Bees and Butterflies are transformed 

 ") into an elongated filament) ; hence the lower lip 

 U is replaced by the tubidar sheath of the sucker, and 

 the triangular piece at the base becomes the labrum. 

 The tonguelet, properly so called, also exists, and 

 under a form analogous to that of the preceding 

 j)iece, but bifid at the tip (see Cicada) ; the palpi 

 are the only organs which have entirely disappeared, 

 and vestiges of them are perceived in Thrips, [which, 

 however, are now proved to belong to an order dis- 

 tinct from the present ; palpi, small and inarticulate, 

 also exist in some of the Hydrocorisac]. 



The mouth of the Hemiptera is, therefore, fitted 

 only for extracting by suction fluid matters : the 

 delicate threads of which the sucker is formed pierce the vessels of plants and animals, and tlie 



fig. M. — Promusdi of Hcmlptcr*. Pentatomn. (*•, evea 

 o, ocelli ; a, bnse of antciiiiie ; / 1. upper lip; / 3, niider 

 lip, or canal ; m, mandibolar, aiid mx, uiaxillarj aet*.; 



