ANIMALS— PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 67 



curves ; the Fossors are most abundant in June and 

 September; the bees in July and September. 

 The Ruby Wasps (Chrysids) and Wasps (Vespids) 

 were represented by so few species that curves 

 have not been constructed from them, but the 

 curve for all four families shows maxima in June 

 and September. Even the moths comply in the 

 main with this rule, which could hardly be expected, 

 as the majority of them are nocturnal, and shelter 



XII I II ill IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XH 



Four families. Fossors 



Bees. 



Fig. 29. — Graph similar to Fig. 28, showing the Monthly Prevalence 

 OF THE Fossors (" Solitary Wasps "), Bees, and " Four Families " 

 OF Hymenoptera (i.e. Fossors, True Wasps, Bees, and Ruby 



Wasps) at Amara. 



by day in places in which they must be protected 

 from the great heat and low humidity. The curves 

 in Fig. 30 all reach maxima in May or June, and in 

 September. 



Certain groups of insects showed a different 

 seasonal prevalence, amongst others some of the 

 butterflies, of which very few species were found at 

 Amara. The Clouded Yellow {Colias croceus = 

 edusa), Common White {Pieris rapce), and three Blues 

 (Zizera karsandra, Tarucus halcanica, and T. mediter- 



