37^ Animal Life and Intelligence. 



CHAPTER X. 



THE FEELINGS OF ANIMALS ; THEIR APPETENCES AND EMOTIONS. 



There is one aspect of the mental processes of men and 

 animals that we have so far left unnoticed— the aspect of 

 feeling, the aspect of pleasure and pain. Quite distinct 

 from, and yet intimately associated with, our perception of 

 a beautiful scene, is the pleasure we derive therefrom ; and 

 quite distinct from, and yet inseparably bound up with, 

 our perception of a discordant clang, is the painful effect 

 that it produces. 



We have, however, no separate organs for the apprecia- 

 tion of pleasure and pain. These feelings arise out of, and 

 are bound up with, our sensations, our perceptions, and 

 especially with the conscious exercise of our bodily activities. 

 There may be, at any rate in some cases, separate nerves 

 for the appreciation of the pleasurable and the painful ; 

 but even if this be so, these shades of feeling are so closely 

 associated with our other activities, mental and bodily, 

 that we may for the present regard them simply as the 

 accompaniments of these activities. 



The question has been raised and much discussed 

 whether all our states of consciousness are accompanied by 

 some shade or colouring of feeling, pleasurable on the one 

 hand, or painful on the other ; or whether some of them 

 may not be indifferent in this respect, affording us neither 

 pleasure nor pain. Put in this way, I think we may say 

 that there may be activities which are thus indifferent. 

 But if it be asked whether, in addition to the pleasurable 

 and painful feelings, there is a third class oi feelings, which 

 we may call indifferent or neutral, I am inclined to answer 



