Mental Evolution. 481 



cow we know, the physical activities we know, the physical 

 neuroses we scarcely know at all. On the other hand, fear 

 we have ourselves experienced, and know well. Hence we 

 introduce the mental link that we know in place of the 

 physical link of which we are ignorant. And there can be 

 no harm in our doing so when we are working on the 

 practical, and not the philosophical plane. But when we 

 are striving to go deeper, and are employing that gift of 

 analysis which is man's prerogative, in order to proceed to 

 a higher and more complete synthesis, — then we must be 

 careful to keep separate those processes which analysis 

 discloses to be distinct. And I repeat that, on the philoso- 

 phical plane of thought, we must remember that metakineses 

 are determined by other metakineses^ and by them alone* 



The reader who has kept his head among these slippery 

 places will at once see that this is and must be so; for, 

 as we have already seen (p. 474), all phenomena are states 

 of consciousness, whatever else they may also be. The cow, 

 as a phenomenon, is a construct, a product of mental 

 activity, and woven out of states of consciousness. For the 

 pure idealist she is this and nothing more. But for us she 

 is a real external entity, manifested through phenomenal 

 kineses. Hence in ordinary speech we separate the kinetic 

 cow from its metakinetic symbols in consciousness, and 

 call the former the cow itself, and the latter our percept 

 of the cow. But, as before maintained, th^_i)ercept is 

 identical with the object as known. And this is now justi- 

 fied by our deeper analysis. 



The physiologist, dealing with organic phenomena in 

 terms of motion (kinesis) , proclaims that the physical series 

 is complete, that there is no necessity for the introduction 

 of feeling which is at best but a by-product. The idealist, 

 dealing with the processes of thought and emotion in terms 

 of consciousness, proclaims that his series is complete — an 

 external material universe is an unnecessary encumbrance. 

 Each proclaims a half-truth; each sees that half of the 

 truth which alone is visible from his special standpoint. 

 Monism combines the two (and is, of course, scouted by 



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