Index. 



507 



23G ; on the greater variability 

 of male, 237; on attention in 

 monkeys. 342 ; on brain of ant, 

 358 ; oil gestures of anger and 

 rage, 389 ; on pleasures and 

 pains of animals, 394 ; on 

 J ravery of a monkey, 396 ; on 

 Abyssinian baboons, 406 ; on 

 sense of humour in the dog, 

 406 ; on neuter insects, 440 ; 

 on selection of oxen, 441 ; on 

 acquisition of fear of man by 

 birds, 443 ; on satin bower 

 bird, 450 



Death, natural introduction of, 

 186, 193 



Deceit in dogs, 400 



Degeneration, 183 



Desert animals, inconspicuous- 

 ness of, 89 



Descartes on pineal gland, 288 



Dei^ire, 460, 463 



Destruction, indiscriminate, as 

 opposed to elin)ination, 76 



Development of organisms dis- 

 tinct from growth, 6 ; repro- 

 duction and, 36 ; isdifferrntlal 

 growth, 49 ; of a vertebrate, 

 diagrammatic account of, 51 ; 

 comparative, of some verte- 

 brates, 220 



De Vries, 132, 159 



Differentiation in protozoa, 40 ; 

 in metazoa, 41 ; during de- 

 velopment, 49 ; of reproduc- 



. tive cells, 143 ; and integra- 

 tion, 183; of tissues, 232 



Difflugia, 360 



Dimorphism in larvae, 187 



Discrimination in the sense of 

 touch, 245 ; hearing, 262 ; 

 sight, 275 ; its fundamental 

 nature, 338 ; in sea-anemone, 

 359 



Disease, elimination by, 80 



Display, 207 



Disuse, panmixia and, 189; ne- 

 gative and not positive, 196 ; 

 use and, 209 



Divergence among birds, illus- 

 trated from Wallace, 97 ; 

 through diverse adaptation, 1] 1 



Dixon, Mr. Charles, effects of 

 climate on the colours of birds, 

 164 ; on chaffinch nests, 454 



Dog, effect of Indian climate 

 on, 164, 167 ; greyhounds in 

 Mexico, 167 ; sense of smell 

 in, 265, 338 ; vague percept of, 

 339 ; and the feelings of other 

 animals. 340; and pictures, 

 341 ; powers of communica- 

 tion, 344 ; swimming rivers, 

 365 ; cleverness of, 367 ; sym- 

 pathy in, 397 ; idea of caste, 

 deceit, 400 ; endurance of pain, 

 402; sense of justice in, 404; 

 punishing pup, 405; sense of 

 humour in, 406 ; swimming a 

 deferred instinct in, 423 ; turn- 

 ing round to make a couch, 444 



Dog-fish, sense of smell in, 267 



Domesticati</n, variations effected 

 by, 171, 215; crossing and re- 

 version, 230 



Doris tuhcrcuJata, 84 



Dreaming. 341 ; and the animis- 

 tic hypothesis, 495 



Dromia vulgaris, 457 



Drones developed from unfer- 

 tilized ova, 45 ; second polar 

 cell extrudrd. 153 



Dubois, M., on Proteus, 294 



Ducks, Sir J. Crichton Browne 

 on, 171 ; Dr. Rae on instinc- 

 tive wildness of, 435 



Duration of life, 186 



Eagle, sclerotic plates of, 437 



Ear, 263 



Earthworm, respiration in, 4, 

 24 ; regeneration of lost parts, 

 41 ; sensitive to light. 293 ; 

 outward projection in, 369 



Eaton, Rev. A. E., on insects of 

 Kerguelen Island, 81 



Ecitons, 427 



Economy, principle of, 194 



Education of ants, 428 ; of young 

 animals, 465 



Egg and hen, problem of, 130 



Egg-cell and sperm-cell, diagram 

 of", 13; conditions which deter- 

 mine production of, 60 



Eggs, influence of food-yolk on 

 mode of development of, 56 ; 

 destruction of birds, 189 



Ego, or self, 475 



EiMER, Prof., on inhabitants of 

 Nile valley, 165; on Helix 

 hortensis, 226 ; on instinct, 

 436 ; on differential dread in 

 birds, 444 



Eject, meaning of, 476 



Elaboration, 183 



Elephant, rate of increase of, 57 ; 

 intelligence of, 363, 369; use 

 of tools by, 370 ; vindictive- 

 ness in. 401 



Elimination, as opposed to selec- 

 tion, 79 ; its three modes, 80; 

 as a factor in the origin of in- 

 stinct, 447 ; of ideas through 

 incongruity, 486 ; as applied 

 to the intellectual faculties, 497 



Embryology negativ( s prt forma- 

 ti<.n, 50 



Emotions exemplified, 382 ; the 

 expression of, 385 : three orders 

 of, 391 ; in vertebra ta, 395 



Encystment, 38, 49 



Ends and means, 371 



Energy, relations of animals and 

 plants to, 16 



Ennomos tiliaria, caterpillar, 

 protective resemblance of, 85 



Environment, direct effects of on 

 the organism. 1 63 ; changes of, 

 in relation to the organism, 

 183; are effects of direct or 

 indirect ? 233 ; instances of 

 effects of, 238 



Equus, 118 



Eristalis teriax, 87 



Ethics in animals, 413 



Euplcea, 2(i3 



Evolution of older writers, 60 ; 

 and revolution, 119; organic, 

 177: meaning of term, 182; 

 mental, 464 ; organic and men- 

 tal not continuous, 488 ; inter- 

 neural, 490 



Excrement of birds, resemblance 

 of spider to, 90 



Excn tion, an essential life -pro- 

 cess, 3, 29 



Expectation, 327 



Experience dependent on me- 

 mory, 305 



Expression of the emotions, 385 



Eye, structure of in man, 274 ; 

 in mole, 284 ; pineal, 287 ; in 

 insects, 288 ; facetted, 289 ; in 

 Crustacea, 292 ; in molluscs, 

 292 ; four types ol, 294 



Fabrk, M., on Sitaris, 439 



Facetted eye, 289 



Factors of phenomena, laws of, 

 61 



Falkland Islands, cattle of, 102; 

 birds of, 443 



Fear, dread and terror, 387 ; in- 

 stinct of, 443 



Feelings of animals, 8, 378 



Female. See Sex -differentiation. 



Female and male insects, differ- 

 ences between, 179; vigour 

 expended on offspring, 238 



Fertilization, nature of, 42; ab- 

 sent in parthenogenetic forms, 

 44 



Fertility, differential, Darwin and 

 Romanes on, 104 ; of hybrids, 

 105 



Fetishism, its natural genesis, 

 492 



Fischer, Dr. Emil, on smell, 254 



Fish, respiration in, 24; protec- 

 tive resemblance in, 83; 

 amount of food-yolk in eggs 

 of, 220 ; skate and turbot com- 

 pared, 220 ; sense of taste in, 

 252; sense of smell in, 266; 

 sense of hearing in, 264 ; sense 

 of sight in, 286 ; fascination in, 

 388 ; love-antics of, 450 



FisK, Rev. G. H. R., on sym- 

 pathy in cat, 397 



Fission, a process of cell-division, 

 37 ; in protozoa, 38 ; in meta- 

 zoa, 41 



Flight, instinctive nature of, 425 



Floikens, M.. on function of 

 semicircular canals, 269 



Flowers and fruits, selection of, 

 93 ; evolved through insect 

 agency, 206 



Folliculina, 360 



Food-stuffs, relations of animals 

 and plants to, 15; nature of 

 and digestion of, 25 



Food-yolk, influence of, on de- 

 velopment, 55 ; the result of 

 parental sacrifice, 57 



FoRHES, H. 0., on Javan spiders, 

 90 



FoRET., M., on taste of ants, 253 ; 

 on vision of daphiiids, 296; ou 

 happy family of ants, 428 



Form-characteristics of animals, 

 2 



Fortuitous variation, 235 



Fosterage and protection, 219 

 result of female self-sacrifice, 

 238 



FoTHERGiLi., Mr., on dogs swim- 

 ming riveis, 364 



Fowl, variations in, attributed by 

 Darwin to use, 171; cvossing 

 of, 227, 230 



1 X, cunning of, .^66 



Fkakcis, Mr. H. A., 90 



