518 STRUCTURE OF THE LARYNX. - | 
Man. This sound is produced by the apparatus termed the 
larynx, which is situated beneath the base of the tongue, and 
in front of the pharynx (§ 192, fig. 107). It is suspended, 
as it were, from the hyoid bone (h, fig. 261),—a bone of a 
horse-shoe form, detached from the rest of the skeleton ; 
from two projections (7) on the upper side of which, several 
of the muscles of the tongue originate. The sides of the 
larynx are formed by two large cartilages (¢, fig. 261), which 
Fig. 261. Fig. 262. Fig. 263, 
HumayLarynx,vieweED VeERTICAL SeEcTION OF FRONT VIEW OF THE 
SIDEWAYS. THE LARYNX. Larynx. 
h, hyoid bone; /, point of ar, arytenoid cartilages; The interior wall is mark- 
origin of muscles of the 
tongue; #, thyroid car- 
tilage; a, projection in 
front, commonly called 
Adam’s apple; c,cricoid 
cartilage; tr, trachea; 
v, ventricle of the glot- 
tis; e, ep'glottis;—the 
other references as be- 
fore. 
ed by the lines a, a, b, b; 
—li, inferior ligaments 
of the glottis, or vocal 
cords; ds, superior liga- 
ments;—the other re- 
ferences as before. 
0, posterior side of the 
larnyx, in contact with 
the cesophagus, 
are termed the thyroid cartilages ; where these meet on the 
middle line a projection is formed, which is particularly | 
prominent in Man, and has received the name of Pomum 
Adami, or “Adam’s apple (a). The thyroid cartilages rest 
upon another, termed the ericoid (c); this has the form of a 
ring, much deeper behind than in front, and surmounts the 
trachea, with the upper ring of which its lower edge is con- 
nected by a membrane. Upon the upper surface of the back | 
of the cricoid cartilage, where there is an open space left 
between the two thyroid cartilages, are mounted two small 
cartilaginous bodies, the arytenoid (ar, fig. 262). These are 
movable to a certain extent; and their position may be 
changed in various directions by several muscles which act 
upon them. 
