522 DIFFERENT KINDS OF VOICE. 
are of véry different characters; and may be distinguished’ 
into the cry, the song, and the ordinary or acquired voice.— 
The cry is generally a sharp sound, having little modulation 
or accuracy of pitch, and being usually disagreeable in its 
timbre or quality. It is that by which animals express their 
unpleasing emotions, especially pain or terror; and the Hu- 
man infant, like many of the lower animals, can utter no other 
sound.—In song, by the regulation of the vocal cords, definite 
and sustained musical tones are produced, which can be 
changed or modulated at the will of the individual. Different 
species of Birds have their respective songs; which are partly 
instinctive, depending upon the construction of their larynx; 
and are partly governed by their education. In Man, the 
power of song is entirely acquired ; but, when once acquired, 
it is far more susceptible of variety and expression than that 
of any other animal. In fact, the larynx of Man may be 
said to be the most perfect musical instrument ever con- 
structed.—The voice is a sound more resembling the ery, in 
so far as it does not consist of sustained musical tones; but 
it differs from the cry, both in the quality of its tone, and in 
the modulation of which it is capable by the will. In ordi- 
nary conversation, the voice passes through a great variety of 
musical tones, in the course of a single sentence, or even a 
single word,—sliding imperceptibly from one to another ; 
and it is when we attempt to fix it definitely to a certain 
pitch, that we change it from the speaking to the singing 
tone. 
687. It is to the wonderful power that Man possesses, of 
producing articulate sounds, which form a medium whereby 
he can communicate ideas of any kind to his fellows,—that 
much of his superiority to other animals is due. Neverthe- 
less, it is not to this alone that we must attribute it ; for many 
animals, especially Birds, can produce, by imitation, sounds 
as articulate as those of Man; but the mind which originates} 
them, and which uses them as expressions of its ideas and 
desires, is deficient. 
688. All spoken language is made up of a certain number 
of elementary sounds, which are combined into syllables, words, 
and sentences. It may be easily shown, upon arithmetical 
principles, that from 20 or more of these elementary sounds, 
an almost infinite variety of combinations may be produced ; 
