594 
Articulation of bones, different modes 
of, 600—604, 
Arytenoid cartilages, 680, 681. 
Ascidia, 114; nervous system of, 435. 
Asphyxia, 280, 338; treatment of, 339. 
Assimilating glands, 223, 224. 
Astrea, fission of, 726. 
Atlas-vertebra, 632. 
Attention, effect of, on sense of touch, 
494; on hearing, 525; on sight, 555; 
on mental power, 721. 
Auditory nerve, 512. 
Auricles of heart, 257; action of, 270. 
Automatic movements, 479. 
Axis vertebra, 632. 
Axolotl, 87. 
Azotized principles of food, 153, 154; 
destination of, 158—165; effects of ex- 
cess of, 348. 
——" compounds, excretion of, 346 
—348. 
B. 
Balancing of body, 480, 481. 
Balanus, 102; development of, 749. 
Ball-and-socket joint, 603. 
Barnacle, 102; development of, 749. 
Basement-membrane, 31. 
Bat, wings of, 669; ear of, 515; hyber- 
nation of, 407; peculiar sensibility of, 
494 
Batrachia, 86, 87; reparative power of, 
390; development of egg of, 756. 
Baya, nest of, 705. 
Beat of heart, 269, 271. 
Beaumont, Dr., his experiments upon 
gastric fluid, 207, 208. 
Beaver, operations of, 706—708. 
Bees, formation of wax by, 156; heat 
produced by, 410, 411; use of antenne 
in, 498; sounds of, 678; instincts of, 
712—716; reproduction of, 747. 
Beetle, digestive apparatus of, 202. 
Bell, Sir C., his discoveries, 429, 451. 
Bicuspid teeth, 187. 
Bile, chemical characters of, 364; use of, 
in digestion, 213; formed from venous 
blood, 266, 366; purposes of excretion 
of, 346—351, 865; effect of suspension 
of, 351. 
Bilious complaints, 350. 
Binary subdivision of cells, 33. 
Brrps, general characters of, 78—80; 
digestive apparatus of, 200; digestive 
powers of, 201; blood-disecs in, 230; 
arterial system in, 260; circulation in, 
281, 282; respiration in, 326, 327; heat 
of, 407, 413; nervous system of, 455; 
intelligence of, 484, 717; wings of, 
669; flight of, 672; larynx of, 685; 
nests of, 704, 705; social instinct in, 
710; ovarium of, 754; structure of 
eggs of, 755; development of embryo 
of, 757—760. 
INDEX. 
Bladder, gall, 362; urinary, 362. 
Blastema, 33; production of cells from, 34. 
Blood of Vertebrata, general characters 
of, 226; arterial and venous, 227; ge- 
neral purposes of, 228, 239; composed 
of liquor sanguinis and corpuscles, 
229; coagulation of, 236—239; serum 
of, 238; buffy coat of, 236 ; flow of, 
means of checking, 277, 278; changes 
of, in disease, 233; assimilating power 
of, 242. 
Blood of Invertebrata, character of, 235. 
Blood Corpuscles, colourless, 35, 234. 
red, 35, 229—234; ac- 
tion of endosmose on, 231; composi- 
tion of, 232; variety of proportion of, 
in different animals, 233; functions 
of, 235, 241; change of, in respiration, 
310; connexion of, with heat libe- 
rated, 413. 
Blood-vessels, 244; formation of in new 
tissues, 893; in embryo, 758. 
Bombylius, sound of, 676, 
Bone, structure of, 49, 50; chemical 
composition of, 51; formation of, from 
cartilage, 52, 53; reparation of, 390. 
Bones of head, 617—693; of ear, 516; of 
spine, 626—652; of trunk, 623; of 
upper extremity, 635—644; of lower 
extremity, 645—648. 
Bowerbankia, 115, 356. 
Brain of Vertebrata, 72; not the only 
source of action, 465, 466; comparative 
size of, 718,719; development of, 763; 
(see Cerebrum and Cerebellum). 
Branchial arches, 286—289; of embryo, 
762. 
Bronchial tubes, 326, 328. ¢ 
Bryozoa, 115; (see Polyzoa). 
Buds, reproduction by (see Gemmation), 
Buffy coat of blood, 236. 
Bulk required in food, 205, 
Butter, 377. 
Cc. 
Caddice-worms, 701, 
Calamary, 111. 
Camel, stomach of, 198; skeleton of, 644. 
Campanularia, 124, 
Cancelli of bone, 49; formation of, 52. 
Canine teeth, 181, 183. 
Cantering, 660. 
Capillary vessels, 251; 
blood in, 275, 280. 
Carapace of Turtles, 83. 
Carbon, modes of excretion of, 345—351, 
365; combustion of, 157, 305, 306, 
412, 413. : 
Carbonic acid, set free in respiration, 
801, 303; mode of its production, 305, 
306; quantity of, proportional to ac- 
tivity of animal, 307—309; amount of, 
disengaged by Man, 334 ; deterioration 
of atmosphere by, 335—338. 
movement of 
