596 
Corpuscles of blood, 35 (see Blood-cor- 
puscles), 
a chyle, 222. 
Cortical substance, of brain, 430. 
kidney, 357. 
Coughing, act of, 342. 
Crab, anatomy of, 99; metamorphosis 
of, 101; nervous system of, 447. 
Cranium, bones of, 617—623. 
Crassamentum of blood, 236. 
Cray-fish, 95. 
Cricket, leaping powers of, 662; sound 
produced by, 678. 
Cricoid cartilage, 680. 
Crinoidea, 118. 
Crocodile, 93. 
Crusta petrosa of teeth, 54. 
CrustTacEA, general characters of, 99— 
101; formation of shell of, 170; teeth 
of, in stomach, 202; circulation in, 
292; respiration in, 315; liver of, 356; 
luminousness of, 396; reproduction of 
claws in, 389; generation of, 748; 
development of; 101, 748. 
Crystalline lens, 536; reproduction of, 
390; change of form of, 551. 
Cutis, structure of, 37; sensibility of, 
Cuttle-fish, 111; ink of, 359. 
Cynips, agamic reproduction of, 746. 
Cysticercus, development of, 742. 
Dz. 
Daphnia, reproduction of, 748. 
Death, of the body, 67; apparent, 66. 
—— of parts, continually taking place, 
65, 68. 
Death-watch, 677. F 
Death’s-head Moth, 678. 
Decay of dead animal matter, 54, 160. 
Decay continually taking place in living 
body, 65, 68. 
Deer, foot of, 652. 
Defecation, 171, 216. 
Degeneration of tissues, from want of 
use, 30. 
Deglutition, 171, 192—196, 470. 
Dentine, 54 
Development, first stages of in ovum, 
736, 737; of Polypes, 738, 789 ; of Me- 
dusz, 740; of Echinodermata, 741; of 
Entozoa, 742, 743; of Annelida, 744; 
of Insects, 745—747 ; of Crustacea, 748; 
of Cirrhipeda, 749; of Rotifera, 750; of 
Arachnida, 751; of Mollusca, 752; of 
Vertebrata, 756—762. 
Diaphragm, 328; deficiency of, in Birds 
and Reptiles, 327; peculiar to Mam- 
mals, 330; action of, in respiration, 
331—333. 
Diet, natural, of Man, 163—165. 
Differentiation of structure and function, 
380. 
Dicestion, several stages of, 171; gas- 
tric, 204—211; intestinal, 212—215, 
INDEX. 
Digestive cavity, characteristic of Ani- 
mals, 8; different forms of, 197—203; 
formation of, in embryo, 759. 
Direction of action of muscles, 606—611. 
visual objects, 558.» 
Dislocations, 604. 
Distance, adaptation of the eye to, 550, 
551; mode of estimating, 563—565. 
Distoma, development of, 743. 
Division of labour in living organisms, 2. 
Dogs, intelligence of, 717. 
Doris, circulation in, 290; respiration in, 
316, 
Dorsal vessel of Articulata, 293, 
Double vision, 559, . 
Draco volans, 668. 
Drowning, 338; treatment of, 339. 
Drum of the ear, 516. 
Duration of luminous impressions, 567, 
Dytiscus, 444, 
E. 
Ear, simplest forms of, 512, 514; of Man, 
external, 515; middle, 516, 517; in- 
ternal, 518—521; bones of, 516. 
Earthworm, 104, 142, 389, 400, 404, 597. 
EcHINODERMATA, 118, 119; i 
in, 295; luminousness of, 396; deve- 
lopment of, 741. 
Echinus, 118; teeth of, 189. 
Egg of Birds, structure of, 755; shell of, 
its permeability to gases, 760. 
Elastic fibrous tissue, 23, 29. 
Elasticity of arteries, 274, 275; of foot, 
649; of vertebral column, 631. 
Elateride, \uminousness of, 397; leap- 
ing power of, 662, 
Electricity, animal, sources of, 416, 417; 
in Cat, 418; in Fishes, 419—423; of 
muscle and nerve, 424; analogy of to 
nervous agency, 488, 585. 
Electric organs, structure of, 421, 422; 
copiously supplied with nerves, 423, 
Elephant, trunk of, 172, 493; molar 
teeth of, 102; tusks of, 177; intelli- 
gence of, 717. 
Embryo, origin of, 737, 757; develop- 
ment of, 757—762; circulation in, 283, 
758, 762; respiration in, 760. 
Emotions, 477, 478; influence of on 
muscles, 590; on organic functions, 
l 
461. 
Enamel, structure and composition of, 
54; arrangement of, 182. 
Encrinites, 118. 
Endosmose, action of, on ‘blood cor- 
puscles, 232. 
Entomostraca, agamic reproduction of, 
27, 748. 
Entozoa, 105; development of, 742, 743. 
Ephemera, 315. 
Ephippial eggs of Daphnia, 748, 
Epidermis, structure of, 88; use of, 492. 
Epidermic appendages, 38, 
Epiglottis, 193,681, 
