, 
: 
' 
' 
f 
t 
: 
a 
7 —_ 
INDEX. 
Organs of Sense (see Sensation, Organs 
186, 664. 
m 
Oyster, 113, 316, 437. 
rs 
Palates of Gasteropods, 189. 
Palpi of Insects, 172, 503. 
Palsy of muscles, 586—583. 
Paludina, 112. 
Pancreatic fiuid, use of in digestion, 213. 
Paxy-waxy, 29. 
Pecten, nervous system of, 110, 437. 
Pectinibranchiata, development of, 752. 
Pedal ganglia, of Mollusks, 437, 433; of 
446 
um, 
Peristaltic movement of intestines, 215, 
579. 
Peritoneum, 43. * 
Perspiration, 371—374. 
Pharyngeal "ganglia, of Mollusks, 438; 
of Articulata, 446. 
Pharnyx, 192. 
Phosphorescence of the sea, 394, 395. 
Phosphorus in animal bodies, 166; 
gag of, 167; light produced by, 
Pin’ ae 458. 
Pigment, black, of eye, 533; use of, 545 
Pigment-cells, 533. 
Pitch of sound, dependent on number 
of vibrations, 523, 682. 
Placenta of Mammals, 761. 
reparative power of, 389 
Animals, 6—12; afford food to Ani- 
mals, 144—147; resemblance of their 
life to organic life in Animals, 425, 
426. 
Plastron, of Turtles, 83. 
Plethoric state of body, 233. 
Pleura, 328. 
Pneumogastric nerve, 459, 470, 
Podura, leaping power of, 662 a 
Polype, fresh-water (see Hydra). 
Potypirera, 121—125 (see Zoophytes). 
Polyzoa, 115; gizzard of, 202; circula- 
601 
sab ants i gpa 728; de- 
P. , nest of, 703. 
PoRIFERA, 136, 137; circulation in, 296. 
Portal system of blood-vessels, 267, 366. 
are extremities of, 643, 648, 
eee og 712, 714, 716, 747. 
R. 
Rabbit, teeth of, 177 ; movements of, 661. 
Raptata, general of, 116, 
117; stomach of, 203; nervous system 
of, 434. 
Radius, 4 
Ray, peculiar seteminer nih Oe 
— electric, 419. 
Red Corpuscles of blood (see Biood- 
Corpuscles). 
Refiex actions, 195, 340, 430, 692; in 
Moliusca, 436, 439; in 'Articulata, 442 
—45, 693; fn Vertebrata, 451; the 
spinal cord their instrument, 464— 
474; dependent on stimuli, 466; not 
dependent on sensation, 467—469. 
Refraction of light, 527—532. 
Relief, perception of, 560—562. 
Rennet, action of, 15; nature of, 199. 
Repair of injuries, 389—393. 
Reproduction (see Development, Gemma- 
tion, and Generafion). 
REPTILEs, general characters of, 81— 
87; teeth of, 187; blood-discs in, 430; 
circulation i in, 234, 285; respiration in, 
325; importance’of skin, as respiratory 
organ in, 325; heat of, 406; nervous 
system of, 454; vertebral column of, 
629 ; reproduction of, 736—760. 
Republican Grosbeak, 710. 
Resistance, sense of, 496. 
RESPIRATION, 299; use of blood-cor- 
puscles in, 235 ; ——- for, 297; in 
aquatic animals, 29 8; changes pro- 
duced by, in air, 300—302, 334—336; 
in blood, ; Telated to nervo- 
muscular activity, 307; energy of, in 
