DAIRY FARMING 39 



pasture owing to the lightness of the soil for dairy work, 

 and no sensible relief to agriculturists from this source. 

 Similarly Suffolk is badly supplied with good pasture, 

 and much of the soil appears unsuitable. But it is 

 shown from Arthur Young that lOO years ago Suffolk 

 was famed for its dairies, and was then " essentially a 

 dairy county." " One very great object of their plough- 

 ing," says Arthur Ycmng, " is the culture of turnips and 

 cabbages for their cows." Milk selling is spreading 

 steadily, especially where Scotch immigrant farmers 

 have settled, and on the whole successfully. 



In Essex, the extension of dairy farming has been 

 more general, the increase in dairy stock between 1882 

 and 1892 having been as much as 52 per cent. The 

 Scotch dairy farmers from Ayrshire, who came early in 

 the period of depression to Essex, seem to have been 

 successful men in their own country, who anticipated 

 better profits from dairy farming, within easy reach of 

 London, when the wheat began to fail, and the rents of 

 Essex farms in consequence began to fall much lower 

 than rents in Scotland. Others who came later were in 

 some instances half broken men, and some of them have 

 barely held their own, while others have failed in Essex also. 



They have succeeded in laying down some of the 

 land, and have tried to lay down less favourable soils 

 with varying results, but at any rate, by leaving rotation 

 grasses down for two or three years and grazing them, 

 and by using the " tumbled-down land " for rough 

 pasture, they have managed to make, most of them, a 

 tolerable thing of dairying work. The results, in our 

 opinion, tend to show that much greater extension and 

 diffusion of a moderate prosperity is quite possible if the 

 area of really sound and useful pasture can be increased. 

 But the key to the success of these Scotch settlers in 

 Essex and Suffolk, such as it has been, or rather to their 

 escape from the losses of other agriculturists in the same 

 neighbourhoods, has been their vigilant economy and 

 patient industry. 



" They live hard, they work hard, and they spend 

 nothing except on their cows." 



