40 PKOGEESS IN OTHEK COUNTKIES 



exercised by the Soerabaya Sugar Syndicate which 

 they maintain. The result is that Java sugar domi- 

 nates the Eastern markets, and not only does the trade 

 dispense with any protection, subsidy or assistance 

 from Government, but it successfully forces its way 

 through hostile tariffs and pays enormous dividends 

 on invested capital. A fundamental condition of 

 the success of these sugar companies is the effective 

 control which they exercise over the land on which 

 they grow their cane. They have introduced a most 

 accurate and scientific system of cultivation and 

 manuring, and much care has been expended on the 

 selection and production of cane varieties most suited 

 to varying conditions. Between 1895 and 1910 the 

 average production of sugar, per acre, was raised from 

 3 "07 tons to 415 tons. The methods employed are 

 based on strict economy, and the sugar companies, 

 of which there are about 100, paid anything up to 50 

 per cent, a year on share capital even prior to 1914. 



