OTHEK MANUEES 99 



the results were even more striking, especially in the 

 case of cotton, which showed an advance of 25 per cent, 

 from the same dressing which in the previous series 

 had accounted for an enhanced yield of only 10 per cent. 

 It was also made clear that the effect of manure, per 

 ton, is just about the same whether it is applied in 

 dressings of 2-j- tons, 5 tons or 10 tons, every alternate 

 year, the enhanced outturn of crops due to 1 ton 

 of manure being denoted by 60 lb. of jowari, 150 lb. 

 of kadbi and 15 lb. of seed cotton. The cost of 1 

 ton of farm-yard manure is Es.3, while the enhanced 

 crop value that it gives amounts to Ks.9. In a third 

 series the increased outturns derived from a light 

 dressing of manure were still more marked, and the 

 general inference to be derived is that the outturn of 

 these crops can be increased 25 per cent, by fairly 

 good dressings of manure, and that the value of the 

 additional outturn is about three times the present 

 cost of the farm-yard manure applied. 



The lessons to be learnt from these experiments 

 are applicable to almost the whole of the southern 

 Maratha country, to the west Deccan, Khandesh 

 and Gujarat, a very large part of the Bombay 

 Presidency ; and the question will naturally arise as 

 to how the supply of farm-yard manure can be in- 

 creased or what substitutes for it can be found. As 

 regards the latter question the four substitutes which 

 naturally suggest themselves are artificial manures, 

 oil-cake, green manuring and crude night-soil. Arti- 

 ficial manures have been given repeated trials on a 



