TOWN DAIKIES 117 



trated food for his cattle at the enhanced prices which 

 such articles always fetch in towns, and is seldom in 

 a position to obtain any considerable amount of graz- 

 ing, free or otherwise, for his cattle. The expenses 

 thus incurred necessarily send up the price of the 

 milk which he retails, and sometimes drive him to 

 feed his cattle on foul horse litter. 



(c) The animals are kept in unnatural conditions 

 with accommodation which is often insufficient and 

 inferior to that which is usually provided in rural 

 parts. This is apt to react unfavourably on the health 

 of the animals, prevents regularity in breeding, and 

 makes it unprofitable to rear the calves that are born 

 in such conditions. 



(d) Much of the manure produced by the city herds 

 fails to find its way back to the fields where it is 

 needed. 



The alternative system is to produce the milk in 

 rural parts and to transport it to the cities where the 

 demand for it exists. Along the railway line in 

 Gujarat milk is now produced on a large scale, and 

 separators are to be found in many villages. The 

 trade is well organised within certain limits and there 

 is a large export of cream to Bombay for butter mak- 

 ing. This indicates the limitations of the present 

 arrangements. Milk would command a much higher 

 price in Bombay than its cream equivalent, but in 

 a hot country milk cannot be transported for long 

 distances without proper handling. It must be 

 pasteurised and kept cool and clean. This involves 



