126 OBGANISATIOK 



however badly paid, will be better than nothing. Un- 

 fortunately the existing facts in many cases justify 

 such an assumption ; but to condemn the cultivator to 

 this uphill and uneven competition is a counsel of 

 despair. The subsidiary industry par excellence of the 

 cultivator should be the breeding and rearing of live 

 stock, which provides an occupation and an income 

 at all seasons, and returns to the soil the manure 

 which is necessary to maintain it in high fertility. 

 There is a good demand for milk and milk products, 

 as well as for poultry, eggs and mutton ; and even 

 the smallest cultivators might keep cows, buffaloes, 

 goats or poultry. But it is here that their defective 

 organisation tells against them. Not only are their 

 holdings scattered as noted in Chapter IV., but their 

 villages are congested, and the people live crowded 

 into small village sites which give them no facilities 

 for keeping live stock. Most cultivators do try to 

 keep some farm animals, but the difficulties caused by 

 lack of accommodation in the village are considerable, 

 and the fact that the animals are crowded into their 

 houses in the village, while the fodder stack is in their 

 fields at a distance, and the manure heap outside the 

 village, prevents the orderly development of the in- 

 dustry so far as most cultivators are concerned. This 

 leads to the result that where economic cattle are bred 

 on satisfactory lines, the work is usually done by pro- 

 fessional breeders who take special steps to organise 

 the business on workable lines, and not by the ordinary 

 cultivator as a subsidiary occupation to the tillage of 



