136 ORGANISATION 



co-operative cotton sale societies in the Bombay Presi- 

 dency marketed cotton worth Rs.30 lakhs. The work 

 that lies before such societies is of great magnitude 

 and difficulty. Their operations are bound to arouse 

 the enmity of interested dealers ; but if they can un- 

 dertake careful grading and establish a reputation for 

 honest dealing, they will accomplish a great work not 

 only for the cotton cultivators but also for the cotton 

 trade in India. The case of cotton has been treated 

 in some detail, but it is regrettable to have to state 

 that, apart from cotton, much other agricultural pro- 

 duce comes on the market in a dirty and adulterated 

 state, notably such articles as milk, ghi, hemp and 

 wheat. It is not proposed to discuss the circum- 

 stances of each case nor to suggest how the several 

 problems should be dealt with ; but it is important to 

 call attention to the fact that it is the cultivator who is 

 the ultimate loser, when the marketing of agricultural 

 produce is conducted on a basis of inefficiency or fraud. 

 There is one other subject which, perhaps, hardly 

 falls under the heading of organisation, but which 

 may be suitably dealt with here, since it is included, 

 together with facilities for credit and marketing, in 

 what may be termed the machinery of argicultural 

 progress. The subject referred to is agricultural edu- 

 cation. This is provided for in the higher grades by 

 the agricultural college at Poona and the veterinary 

 college at Bombay, at which colleges some 300 

 students receive a good scientific and practical edu- 

 cation in agriculture and veterinary science. This is 



