156 THE HUMAN FACTOK 



by the emigration into England of Flemings, French 

 Huguenots and others who had the courage and reso- 

 lution to leave their own country and to migrate to 

 England rather than submit to oppression. 



The existence of two distinct races in the United 

 States of America, the White and the Negro popu- 

 lations, working side by side in identical climates and 

 under similar institutions, offers an opportunity to 

 estimate by actual statistics the variation in efficiency 

 due to race, while if we make a cross division between 

 northern and southern States the variation due to 

 climate may be computed in the case of each race. 

 The census of the United States of America for 1910 

 gives the following index figures showing the relative 

 efficiency of White and Negro farmers in the North 

 and South, respectively, the figures representing in 

 each case the average of what the members of each 

 group actually produce in the year — 



Northern Whites . . . 100 per cent. 



Southern Whites . . 51 ,, 



Northern Negroes . . 49 ,, 



Southern Negroes . . 34 ,, 



Taking these figures at their face value the com- 

 parison is very instructive. Apparently the White 

 farmer working in the northern States produces twice 

 as much as either the White farmer in the southern 

 States or the Negro farmer in the northern States, 

 and three times as much as the Negro farmer in the 

 southern States. If this is so it is clear that the 



