160 THE HUMAN FACTOE 



populations of tropical countries would take place, 

 and advocates a great development of migration to hill 

 stations for all brain workers. In his concluding re- 

 marks he says : " In tropical countries we may perhaps 

 expect that some day millions of people will not only 

 move to other climates during part of each year, but 

 that many will move back and forth from the lowlands 

 to the highlands every few days. Their work may 

 be arranged so that they can spend two or three days 

 a week in the highlands and the rest in the lowlands." 



The influence of climate, however, does not end 

 with its direct effect on human energy, as mentioned 

 above ; for it often has indirect effects which are of 

 a far-reaching nature. In India we have a purely 

 seasonal rainfall, and as a result of this the cultivators 

 have -for the most part been accustomed to periods of 

 enforced idleness, to conditions of intermittent labour ; 

 and there can be little doubt that irregularity of labour 

 produces bad results, including a condition of apathy 

 and helplessness, which, being transmitted through 

 centuries, acquires the rigidity of a race characteristic. 



Turning now to the third group of factors included 

 under the heading "institutions," it would be impos- 

 sible to deal with such matters in detail without 

 traversing the whole range of Social Science, and it 

 is not proposed to consider the effects of religion, 

 education or governmental organisation. A well- 

 known writer on Social Science says: " We have a 

 law of civilisation which has all the force of a law 

 of nature, so uniform is its action ; namely, that a 



