SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 129 



Distance of dorsal spine from tip of snout 2f-3 in the 

 length. Distance of adipose from dorsal variable, 

 always much less than length of dorsal. Adipose fin 

 2i-3s- in the length. 



Caudal deeply forked, the lobes rounded, 4J-5 in the 

 length. 



Anal either higher than long or longer than high, the 

 tips about reaching as far as the end of the adipose fin. 



Ventrals below the vertical from last dorsal ray, 

 lf-1-J in head. Pectoral spine strong, its posterior mar- 

 gin with short teeth; with recurved hooks near tip of 

 anterior margin, If in head. 



Color from uniform black to light brown or coppery. 



Head 4-41 ; depth 4-6|; depth above first anal ray 

 5-6; depth of caudal peduncle 8-9 J; D. I, 6-8; A. 

 10-12; Br. 6-7. 



The specimens examined are from Santa Clara; Rio 

 Mucur^ .11 m. long: light - brownish mottled with 

 darker; adipose fin, 3-3 J in the length; Juiz de Fora: 

 light brownish, adipose fin margined with black; maxil- 

 lary barbels not extending to the end of the dorsal; 

 Campos: colored as the Juiz de Fora specimens; depth 

 4J-6 in the length; Rio Jequitinhonha; Mendez: adipose 

 fin 2| in the length beginning immediately behind the 

 dorsal; Rio de Janeiro: depth 4J-6J; the largest speci- 

 men has the head depressed between the eyes; maxillary 

 barbels not extending to the end of the dorsal; depth of 

 the intermaxillary band of teeth 8 in its width; fontanel 

 none, the region replaced by honeycomb structure; Sao 

 Matheos: agrees with Dr. Giinther's description in all 

 respects; the gill-rakers are profusely branched; Rio 

 Mucuri: entirely black, dorsal rays 7; maxillary barbels 

 reach to the adipose fin; Macacos: 11 specimens, 4 of 

 them with D. I, 7; Rio Parahyba: 3 specimens, D. I, 7 

 in one specimen; Cannavierias .31 m. has a very deep 

 9 



