SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 313 



LVI. HYPOPHTHALMUS. 



Hypophthalmus Spix, Pise. Bras. 16, pi. 9, 1829. (sp.) 



Hypophthalmus Bleeker, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierkunde, 

 i, 109, 1863 (edentatus). 



Notopktkalmiis Hyrtle, Denk. Ak. Wien, xvi, 17, 1859 

 (marginatus = edentatus). 



PseudohypopMhalmus Bleeker, I.e. (Jimbriatus = eden- 

 tatus). 



Type: Hypophthalmus edentatus Spix. 



No teeth in the jaws or 011 the vomer; eye situated be- 

 hind and partly below the level of the angle of the 

 mouth. 



Adipose fin very small; dorsal fin short, with a slightly 

 spinous ray, inserted behind the ventrals; anal long; 

 intermaxillaries very small. Barbels six. 



Gill-openings wide, extending nearly to the symphysis. 

 Air-bladder rudimentary. Ventrals six-rayed. Branch- 

 iostegals 13 or 14. Gill-rakers long and slender; fourth 

 gill-arch entirely free, the first two with a single series of 

 gill-rakers and a broad membrane. 



248- Hypophthalmus edentatus, 



Hypopthalmus edentatus Spix. Pise. Brasil. 16, pi. ix, 1829 (Equato- 

 rial Brazil); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. v, 67, 1864 (copied); 

 Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xvii, 673, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon); 

 Eigenm. &Eigeum. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2d Ser. i, 120, 1888 (Para). 



Hypophthalmus marginatus Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xv, 225, 

 plate 439, 1840 (Cayenne; Surinam); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. 

 Mus. v, 68, 1864 (copied); Vaillant, Bull. Soc. Philom. Ser. 7, 

 iv, 150, 1380 (Calderoii); Wright, Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. iii, 

 sect, iv, 107-118, plates 8-10 (important paper on structure). 



Notophthalmus marginatus Hyrtle, Denk. Ak. Wien, xvi, 17, 1859 

 (vertebrae 2 + 5 + 54). 



Hypophthalmus longiftlis Cuv. & Val. 1. c. xv, 230, 1840 (Surinam); 

 Giinther, I.e. (Demarara; Surinam); Bleeker, Silures deSuriname, 

 88, 1864 (Surinam). 



Hypophthalmus spixii Cuv. & Val. 1. c. xv, 231, 1840 (copied); 

 Kner, SB. Ak. Wien, xxvi, 446, 1857 (Kio Branco). 



Hypopthalmus edentulus Castelnau, Anini. Amer. du Sud, 47, 1855 

 (Amazon). 



