SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 431 



Head about 3; D. I, 12-14; A. I, 4; Lat. 1. 28-30. 



More than seventy-five specimens, .07-. 44 in. 



Coary; Teffe; Porto do Moz; Lago Alexo; Cudajas; 

 LakeHyanuary; Santarem; Tabatinga; Lago do Maximo ; 

 Jutahy; Villa Bella; Silva, Lake Saraca; Obidos. 



401 Pterygoplichthys punctatus. 



Ancistrus duodecimalis Kner, Hypostomiden, 281, 1853 (S.Vicente), 



not C. & V. 



Loricaria punctata Natterer, MS. in Kner, 1. c. 

 Pteryyophlichthys punctatus Giinther, v, 251, 1864 (copied); Eigenm. 



& Eigenm. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2d Ser. ii, 45, 1889 (Cudajas). 

 Chcetostomus punctatus Steindachner, Flussfische Siidam. ii, 13, 1881 



(Tabatinga; Cudajas). 

 Habitat: Venezuela; Solimoens from Cudajas to Tabatinga. 



Form of P. gibbiceps. Snout broad, rounded; occipital 

 crest long and low not rising above the nuchal keels; 

 temporal crests sharp; keels of the lateral scutes more 

 strongly marked than in gibbiceps or pardalis. Orbit 

 3J-3J in snout, 7 in head, 3 in interorbital (in gibbiceps 

 of same size 3, 6, 2J). Dorsal fin as high as long. 

 Caudal fin long, obliquely rounded, its lowest ray 2 in 

 the length. Brown everywhere, with round black 

 spots much smaller than those in gibbiceps; dorsal with 

 about nine series of spots. Head 3; D. 1, 12; Lat. 1. 28. 



One specimen .18 m. Cudajas. Thayer & Bourget. 



402. Pterygoplichthys pardalis. 



Hypostomus pardalis Castelnau, Anirn. Amerique du Sud. 42, plate 



xx, fig. 3, 1855 (Amazon). 

 Liposarcus pardalis Giinther, v, 239 (copied); Vaillant, Bull. Soc. 



Philom. series 7, iv, 155, 1880 (Calderon). 

 Plecostomiis (Liposarcus) pardalis Peters, MB. Ak. Berl. 471, 1877 



(Calabozo); Steindachner, Flussfische Siidamerika's, iv, 6, 1882 



(Rio Huallaga). 

 Plecostomus pardalis Steindachner, Flussfische Siidam. ii, 10, 1881 



(Para; Santarem). 

 Pterygoplichthys pardalis Eigenm. & Eigeum. Proc. Cal. Acad. 



2d Ser. ii, 45, 1889 (Santarem; Cudajas; Eio Negro; Teffe; 



Jutahy; Villa Bella; Obidos; Tabatinga). 

 Liposarcus varius Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1871, 284 



(Ambyiacu Eiver). 

 Habitat: Amazons and tributaries and northward. 



