xxviii INTRODUCTION 



n. Flowers usually regular; leaves 



mostly alternate BORAGINACEAE 118 



z. Ovary 3-5-celled 



m. Stems green, leafy 



(m) Stems trailing or climbing CONVOLVULACEAE 



108 



(n) Stems not trailing or climbing POLEMONIACEAE 103 

 n. Stems not green, the leaves re- 

 duced to scales MONOTROPACEAE 82 

 (2) Ovary inferior 



(a) Woody plants 



x. Stamens 5 CAPRIFOLIACEAE 237 



y. Stamens 8-10 VACCINIACEAE 87 



(b) Herbs 



x. Stamens 3 



(x) Stems erect; fruit with a feathery 



pappus VALERIANACEAE 243 



(y) Stems trailing or climbing; fruit 



fleshy CUCURBITACEAE 210 



y. Stamens 4-5 



(x) Sap milky as a rule; herbs with 



large flowers CAMPANULACEAE 



241 



(y) Sap not milky 



m. Shrubs CAPRIFOLIACEAE 237 



n. Herbs RUBIACEAE 237 



z. Stamens 8-12 ADOXACEAE 241 



II. Petals absent 



1. Sepals present, rarely very minute 

 a. Woody plants 



(1) Vines; petals falling quickly VITACEAE 211 



(2) Shrubs or trees 



(a) Flowers in catkins, at least the staminate FAGACEAE 221 



(b) Flowers not in catkins 



x. Style 1 ; stigma 1 or slightly 2-cleft 



(x) Trees with compound leaves OLEACEAE 99 



(y) Shrubs with simple leaves 



m. Leaves silvery-scurfy ELAEAGNACEAE 213 



n. Leaves green ROSACEAE 150 



y. Styles or long sessile stigmas 2 



