SNAPDRAGON FAMILY 125 



stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube, included, ovary 4-divided, style 

 thread-like, fruit of 4 nutlets, slightly incurved, wrinkled, inserted by 

 their bases ; flowers in terminal simple or forked 1-sided racemes ; leaves 

 alternate, entire, those of the stem mostly clasping, the uppermost tending 

 to be opposite, the lower long-petioled ; perennial. 

 Stem 2-3 ft. high; leaves lanceolate to ovate, 3-8 in. 

 long; flowers 1-2 cm. long S. officinal e 



SCROPHULARIALES SNAPDRAGON ORDER 

 SCROPHULARIACEAE SNAPDRAGON FAMILY 



Sepals 4-5, united, petals 4-5, united into a 2-lipped or nearly regular 

 corolla, stamens 2, 4 or 5, inserted on the corolla and alternate with its 

 lobes, ovary with 2 cavities (or rarely 1), style slender, simple, stigma 

 entire, 2-lobed or cleft, fruit usually a capsule; flowers mostly complete 

 and irregular ; herbs, shrubs or trees with opposite or alternate leaves. 



1. Stamens 5, 1 usually without an anther 



a. Stamens with anthers 5 VERBASCUM 



b. Stamens with anthers 4, the fifth a filament 



only 



(1) Calyx deeply cleft; sterile filament con- 



spicuous ; flowers usually blue or purple, 



2-4 cm. long PENTSTEMON 



(2) Calyx lobed ; sterile filament short; flow- 



ers white, 1-1.5 cm. long CHIONOPHILA 



2. Stamens with anthers 4, the fifth sometimes an 



inconspicuous scale or gland 

 a. Sterile stamen a small scale or gland in the 

 corolla tube 



(1) Flowers greenish-yellow or purplish in 



long terminal clusters SCROPHULARIA 



(2) Flowers blue or blue and white, axillary COLLINSIA 

 1>. Sterile stamen wholly lacking 



(1) Corolla regular; stemles., mud or water 



plants LIMOSELLA 



(2) Corolla irregular, usually 2-lipped 



(a) Corolla with a spur at base LINARIA 



(b) Corolla not spurred 



x. Corolla hardly 2-lipped; stamens not 



beneath an upper lip GERARDIA 



