SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 191 



3-5, pistils 3-5, separate, follicles few-several-seeded; flowers solitary or 

 cymose, axillary or terminal; leaves fleshy, opposite, entire; aquatic or 

 marsh herb. 



Stems 1-6 cm. long; leaves linear-oblong, 4-6 mm. 

 long ; flowers 1 mm. wide T. aqudticum 



SAXIFRAGXCEAE SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 



Sepals mostly 5, united, free or grown to the ovary, petals 4-5, rarely 

 none, stamens 4-10, pistils 1-several, often 2, separate or united, styles 

 separate or united into one, fruit a capsule, follicle or berry; flowers per- 

 fect to dioecious, solitary or variously clustered; herbs or shrubs with 

 alternate or opposite leaves. 



1. Herbs 



a. Stamens with anthers 5, rarely 4 



(1) Leaves entire; flowers flat, saucer-shaped PARNASSIA 



(2) Leaves toothed or lobed; flowers bell- 



shaped 



(a) Petals cut or fringed MITELLA 



(b) Petals entire 



x. Ovary 1-celled, 2-beaked; common HEUCHERA 

 y. Ovary 2-celled, 2-beaked; very rare SULLIVANTIA 



b. Stamens 8-10 



(1) Petals present; stamens 10 



(a) Petals entire SAXIFRAGA 



(b) Petals 3-7-parted LITHOPHRAGMA 



(2) Petals absent, sepals yellowish; stamens 



usually 8 CHRYSOSPLENIUM 



2. Shrubs 



a. Stamens 8-10 



(1) Leaves alternate, lobed; ovary inferior; 



fruit a berry RIBES 



(2) Leaves opposite, not lobed; ovary partly 



inferior; fruit a capsule 



(a) Leaves entire; flower solitary or 2-3; 



stamens 8 FENDLERA 



(b) Leaves toothed; flowers several in a 



cluster; stamens 10 JAMESIA 



b. Stamens many; ovary inferior; flowers large, 



white, solitary PHILADELPHUS 



