SILVERBERRY FAMILY 213 



1. Leaves large, 1-4 in. long; stems not spiny 



a. Leaves leathery, shining, roundish to ovate, 2- 



4 in. long C. velutinus 



b. Leaves thin, soft-hairy, ellipsoid, 1-2 in. long C. ovatus 



2. Leaves small, 1-2.5 cm. long; stems usually spiny C. Fendleri 



RHAMNUS Linne 1753 BUCKTHORN 



(The Greek name) 



PL 33, fig. 3. 



Sepals 4-5, united into a bell-shaped calyx, petals 4-5, or none, green- 

 ish, ovary free from the disk, styles 3-4-cleft, drupe berry-like; flowers 

 axillary, in cymes, racemes or panicles, perfect or polygamous ; leaves alter- 

 nate, simple; shrubs or small trees. 



1. Leaves ovate to elliptic, 5-10 cm. long; stamens 



5 ; petals absent R. alnifolia 



2. Leaves lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long ; stamens 4 ; petals 



present R. Smithii 



ELAEAGNACEAE SILVERBERRY FAMILY 



. 



Sepals 4, united into a saucer-shaped to tubular calyx, petals none, 

 stamens 4 or 8, ovary 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, fruit drupe-like, the base of the 

 perianth enclosing the achene or nut; flowers polygamous or dioecious, 

 clustered in the axils, rarely solitary; shrubs or trees with silvery-scaly or 

 stellate-hairy entire, alternate or opposite leaves. 



1. Leaves alternate; flowers perfect; stamens 4 ELAEAGNUS 



2. Leaves opposite ; flowers dioecious ; stamens 8 LEPARGYRAEA 







ELAEAGNUS Linne 1753 SILVERBERRY 



(Gr. elaia, olive-tree, agnos, sacred) 



PL 33, fig. 10. 



Sepals 4, united into a tubular calyx, constricted above the ovary, 

 petals none, stamens 4 on the throat of the perianth, style long, thread-like, 

 fruit druperlike, the fleshy or mealy base of the perianth enclosing the nut; 

 flowers solitary or 2-4 together in the axils, silvery outside, yellowish with- 

 in ; leaves alternate, entire, silvery-scaly ; shrubs. 

 Stems 3-12 ft. high; leaves oblong to lance-ovate, 1-4 

 in. long E. or genie a ^*^ ' 



