<Ilio\YTlI or MAXrilKSTlvK. 407 



LOOjOOO/. in cash, lie was thoroughly and strongly 

 national, ami a uvnerous patron of most of our public 

 benevolenl institutions. 



The employer of a vast mmiher of workpeople, he 

 exereised his influence over them in such a manner as to 

 extort their gratitude and blessings. He did not " lord 

 it" over them, but practically taught them, above all 

 tl i ings, to help themselves. He was the pattern employer 

 of his neighbourhood. With a kind concern for the 

 welfare of his colliery workmen then a half-savage class 

 he built comfortable dwellings and established shops 

 and markets for them ; by which he ensured that at least 

 a certain portion of their weekly earnings should go to 

 their wives and families in the shape of food and clothing, 

 instead of being squandered in idle dissipation and 

 drunkenness. In order to put a stop to idle Mondays, 

 he imposed a fine of half-a-crown on any workman who 

 did not go down the pit at the usual hour on that morning ; 

 and hence the origin of what is called Half Crown Row 

 at Worsley, as thus described by one of the colliers : 

 " T'ould dook fined ony mon as didn't go daown pit o' 

 Mooriday mornin auve a craown, and abeaut thot toime 

 he made a new road to f pit, so t' colliers caw'd it Auve 

 ( Vaown Row." Debts contracted by the men at public- 

 houses were not recognised by the pay-agents. The 

 steadiest workmen were allowed to occupy the best and 

 pleasantest houses as a reward for their good conduct. 

 The Duke also bound the men to contribute so much of 

 their weekly earnings to a general sick club; and he 

 encouraged a religious tone of character amongst his 

 ] MM) pie by the establishment of Sunday schools, which 

 were directly superintended by his agents, selected from 

 the best available class. The consequence was. that the 

 Duke's colliers soon held a higher character for sobriety, 

 intelligence, and good conduct, than the weavers and 

 other workpeople of the adjacent country. 



He did not often visit London, where he had long 



