CHAP. XIII. MR. BOOTH'S CONTRIVANCE. 263 



Trevi thick, in his patent of 1815, seems also to have ' 

 entertained the idea of employing a boiler constructed 

 of " small perpendicular tubes," with the same object of 

 increasing the heating surface. These tubes were to 

 be closed at the bottom, and open into a common reser- 

 voir, from which they were to receive their water, and 

 where the steam of all the tubes was to be united. It 

 does not, however, appear that any locomotive was ever 

 constructed according to this patent. Mr. Goldsworthyl 

 G-urney, the persevering adaptor of steam-carriages to I 

 travelling on common roads, applied the tubular priii-( 

 ciple in the boiler of his engine, in which the steam 1 

 was generated within the tubes ; whilst the boiler in* 

 vented by Messrs. Summers and Ogle for their turnf- 

 pike-road steam-carriage, consisted of a series of tubep 

 placed vertically over the furnace, through which this 

 heated air passed before reaching the chimney. 



About the same time George Stephenson was trying 

 the effect of introducing small tubes in the boilers of 

 his locomotives, with the object of increasing their eva- 

 porative power. Thus, in 1829, he sent to France two 

 engines constructed at the Newcastle works for the 

 Lyons and St. Etienne Railway, in the boilers of which 

 tubes were placed containing water. The heating sur- 

 face was thus found to be materially increased ; but the 

 expedient was not successful, for the tubes, becoming 

 furred with deposit, shortly burned out and were re- 

 moved. It was then that M. Seguin, the engineer of 

 the railway, pursuing the same idea, is said to have 

 adopted his plan of employing horizontal tubes through 

 which the heated air passed in streamlets. Mr. Henry 

 Booth, the secretary of the Liverpool and Manchester 

 Railway, without any knowledge of M. Seguin' s pro- 

 ceedings, next devised his plan of a tubular boiler, which 

 he brought under the notice of Mr. Stephenson, who at 

 once adopted it, and settled the mode in which the fire- 

 box and tubes were to be mutually arranged and con- 



