1112 



Canadian Forestry Journal, May, 1917 



should be taken to prevent sparks 

 from being carried into the neighbor- 

 ing forest. Clear away the litter for a 

 considerable space about the fire. 

 And be sure to put the fire out before 

 you leave it. 



A shovel is nearly as important a 

 tool as an axe in camping. Do not 

 count on fmding one along the way, 

 but put one in your outfit. 



During wet weather look for kind- 

 ling in burned pine, or in pine knots. 

 The under side of a leaning tree will 

 usually contain dry material. Dead 

 branches, that have not yet fallen are 

 drier than those on the ground. Bark 

 from fir snags is excellent fuel. 



Where matches are scarce or when 

 the weather is stormy, first light a 

 candle and kindle your fire from that. 



Hints on fire protection are always 

 timely and fit particularly well with 

 these instructions about camp fires. 



The hrst thing is prevention. Bear 

 in mind the Six Rules. Be parti- 

 cularly careful with camp fire, matches 

 and tobacco, since carelessness with 

 these is punishable by law. 



Scrape all inflammable material 

 from around the fire before lighting 

 it. Make a fireplace either by digging 

 a hole or by piling up rocks. The fire 

 will then not only be safer but will 

 draw better. 



Before leaving camp see that the 

 last spark is extinguished. Pour 

 water on the embers and then cover 

 them with earth. 



Don't make your fire too large. 

 Large fires are not as convenient to 

 cook by as small ones and are more 

 trouble to put out. 



To Overcome Fire 



If you discover a fire, go to it at 

 once and put it out if you can. A 

 small fire can be put out easily by 

 throwing handfuls of earth or sand at 

 the base of the flame. The flames may 

 also be beaten clown with sacks or 

 with branches, but care must be 

 taken not to scatter the fire. 



If the fire is spreading too rapidly 

 to be attacked directly, cut and scrape 

 a trail some distance ahead of it. Do 

 not back-fire; this is work for an ex- 

 perienced man. If a fire is serious 

 enough to rec}uire this treatment, the 

 work should be left to a ranger. 



The best tools for fire fighting are 



the shovel, axe, and hoe or rake. In 

 open pine forest very little axe work 

 will be required. Shovel or rake a 

 trail through the needles down to 

 mineral soil, and guard the trail. 



To stop a fire burning in brush the 

 trail must first be cut with the axe 

 and then scraped. The brush should 

 be thrown to the side away from the 

 fire. The litter may be scraped to- 

 ward the fire. 



Pick a route for the fire trail that 

 will avoid brush patches if possible. 

 The crest of a ridge is an excellent 

 location, since the fire naturally 

 checks at the top. 



See that a fire is cold before you 

 leave it. 



Report all fires to the nearest forest 

 ranger, or railway agent, or settlement 



Do not suppose that because a fire 

 is merely burning in apparently 

 worthless brush it is therefore doing 

 no damage. Such fires are often the 

 most serious. 



Postscript: There are about 10,000 

 forest fires in Canada every year, 

 over 1,300 a month between snow 

 and snow. 



1917 IS A YEAR OF THRIFT. 

 LET'S CUT THAT 10,000 FIRES 

 IN HALF! 



SURVEY FOR LAURENTIDE CO. 



Dr. Howe, of the University of 

 Toronto, with two technical assist- 

 ants, will commence for the Com- 

 mission of Conservation and in co- 

 operation with the Laurentide Com- 

 pany, Limited, a survey of the cut- 

 over pulpwood lands. This survey 

 will determine the amount of wood 

 left after logging, the reproduction, 

 rate of growth and probable yield 

 of timber after a certain number of 

 years, and will make recommenda- 

 tions as to improved methods of 

 cutting. 



ANOTHER COMPANY TO PLANT 



The Belgo-Canadian Pulp and Pa- 

 per Company, Limited, of Shawene- 

 gan Falls, Quebec, has decided to 

 commence planting trees on its hold- 

 ings, making the third large paper 

 company to undertake such refor- 

 estation work. 



