1142 



Canadian Forestry Journal, June, 1917 



timber often arrived here in very poor 

 condition but even recently timber 

 received here does not conform to the 

 specifications that it is shipped under. 

 This is, of course, due to shrinkage 

 and dealers in this country consider 

 that the timber was not seasoned 

 before shipment, as well as the Baltic 

 timber. The British Columbia tim- 

 bers showed this defect to a much 

 greater extent than eastern timbers. 

 This difficulty can be easily overcome 

 by the Canadian exporters. 



Coming to the question of actual 

 replacement of the Baltic timbers, 

 we fmd that Canada is pre-eminently 

 a valuable source of supply since 

 Canada, especially British Columbia, 

 has large timber resources and about 

 95% of the annual Canadian lumber 

 cut is coniferous material. The ques- 

 tion of Canadian species to be used 

 must not depend alone on the suit- 

 ability of different species for certain 

 uses, but to a great extent on the 

 available sources of supply both as 

 to species and regions of Canada. 

 The very valuable white Pine is being 

 rapidly depleted in Canada. All 

 eastern timbers are being exploited 

 rapidly with the exception of the 

 Spruces, hemlock and balsam hr 

 which extend as far west as Alberta, 

 and are present in large quantities in 

 northern Ontario and Quebec, as yet 

 almost untouched. British Columbia 

 with its vast timber resources is the 

 most logical source of supply for years 

 to come as its very valuable and 

 multiform species are still present in 

 quantity. 



The Range of 'Woods 



Important Canadian woods in 

 descending scale of available resources 

 are Douglas Fir, Spruces, Eastern 

 White Pine, Western Hemlock, East- 

 ern Hemlock, Western Yellow Pine, 

 Western Larch, Red Pine, Western 

 Red Cedar, Western White Pine, 

 Tamarack. Structural timbers in 

 descending order of merit, and re- 

 sources are Douglas Fir, Western 

 Hemlock, Eastern Hemlock, Western 

 Yellow Pine, Western Larch, Red 

 Pine and Eastern Larch. 



The importation of large structural 

 timbers has been much greater during 



the war than in peace times. For 

 mining timbers many Canadian spec- 

 ies are available. 



Recommendations 



The outstanding features of this 

 article are that Douglas Fir and 

 Western Hemlock, available in very 

 large quantities from British Colum- 

 bia, should be imported to this coun- 

 try, principally for structural timbers 

 but also for many other purposes, if 

 transportation question can be solved. 

 In addition the spruces and pines of 

 Eastern Canada can replace Baltic 

 timber for general construction, in- 

 side and outside finish, various manu- 

 factured articles and purposes too 

 numerous to mention. Sitka Spruce 

 (Silver Spruce) and other Spruces and 

 Pines are also available from British 

 Columbia. Since, as I understand, 

 pulp is not manufactured to a great 

 extent in Britain, pulp may be im- 

 ported from Eastern Canada, as large 

 quantities of spruce and balsam fir in 

 Canada makes it possible to supply a 

 great deal of this very necessary 

 commodity, imported in the past, so 

 largely from Scandinavian countries. 



It should be noted that timber im- 

 ports from Germany were not ap- 

 preciable as compared with those 

 from Russia, Finland, Norway and 

 Sweden 



A comparison of timber freights 

 before the war shows approximately 

 these rates: — 



per standard. 

 From White Sea Ports .. 32/6 to 37/6 

 From Baltic Sea Ports... 20/ to 25/ 

 From St. Lawrence Ports35/ to 40/ 

 Gulf of Mexico Ports 



(Steamers) 70/ to 80/ 



B.C. Ports (Sailors) £7 



From Mayor Costello of Calgary: — 

 "I am very much in sympathy with 

 the work of the Association and am 

 enclosing application form for mem- 

 bership." 



"We realize our country suffers a 

 lot through the loss of timber caused 

 by fire each year, and you certainly 

 have our strong support in the work 

 you are endeavoring to do." The 

 Farm and Ranch Review, Calgary. 



