Canadian Forestrij Journal, September, 1917 



1297 



parts of sulphite pulp with suitable 

 loading, sizing and coloring materials. 

 Canadian production now totals 

 about 2100 tons per day which is now 

 over half the production of the 

 United States. Only a small pro- 

 portion is needed for Canadian news- 

 papers so that about 89 per cent is 

 available for export chiefly to the 

 United States. Other products made 

 by mixing groundwood and sulphite 

 pulps are hanging paper (wall paper), 

 the cheaper grades of wrapping paper 

 and book paper, container board for 

 paper boxes, liners for cars and boxes, 

 paper for posters, etc. 



Hard Rubber Substitute 



Sulphite pulp in the unbleached or 

 bleached state is used for making 

 many papers of the higher grades in- 

 cluding print paper, book and writing 

 tissues and wax paper. Recent at- 

 tention has been given to production 

 of imitation parchment and grease- 

 proof papers such as glassine. Sul- 

 phite pulp is .well suited to the 

 moulding of plastics such as. toys and 

 novelties by incorporating binders. 

 Vulcanized fibre or hard rubber sub- 

 stitute is usually made by treating 

 pulp with zinc chloride and mixing 

 with red ferric oxide, with the addi- 

 tion of glycerine if a phable product 

 is desired. Some of the paper wheels 

 and pulleys come under this head. A 

 sample of surgical cotton substitute 



from Europe turned out to be an 

 excellent product from bleached sul- 

 phite pulp and it is reported that 

 large quantities are being used by 

 Germany during the present cotton 

 shortage. Viscose is one of the 

 artificial silk materials which can be 

 readily made from wood pulp. 

 Bleached sulphite pulp is first con- 

 verted to alkali cellulose by treating 

 with strong caustic soda and then to 

 soluble cellulose zanthate by the 

 addition of carbon disulphide. After 

 pressing into threads through dies or 

 moulding into heavier articles the 

 material is readily converted back to 

 stable cellulose in the form of arti- 

 ficial silk, films or moulded articles. 

 It is also used for sizing textiles and 

 paper. There are several plants in 

 the United States and undoubtedly 

 the industry will be established in 

 Canada. The best gun cotton is made 

 from purified cotton, but good grades 

 have been made from bleached sul- 

 phite pulp in England and at the 

 present time to a large extent in 

 Germany. Cellulose acetate is or- 

 dinarily made from cotton and it is 

 doubtful if bleached sulphite pulp 

 will be used in America until the pro- 

 cess can be improved. The non- 

 inflammable and water-proofing 

 qualities of cellulose acetate made it 

 more valuable than nitro-cellulose 

 foi aeroplane varnish, films, artificial 

 silk and celluloid substitutes. In 



PICKING OUT A "JAM" ON THE KENNEBEC RIVER, MAINE. 



