Can(t(li(tn Forcslii/ Journal, JJcccniber, 11)17 



1451 



How Manp Logs are Lost bp Sinking? 



One of Ihe penetrating ([iiestions 

 asked of the paper manufacturers of 

 Canada in the course of the Govern- 

 ment "probe" into news print paper 

 prices recently has had to do with 

 the percentage of loss due to sinking 

 of logs between the timber limit and 

 the boom. This loss, if determin- 

 able, affects the costs of operations 

 and must be included in any thor- 

 ough-going compilation of produc- 

 tion figures. 



An interesting reference occurs in 

 the well-known text book, "Logging" 

 by Prof. Ralph Bryant, of Yale For- 

 est School, as follows: 



From 10 to 30 per cent. 



"A very appreciable loss in driving 

 timber is due to sunken and stranded 

 logs. The extent of this loss is de- 

 pendent on the species driven and 

 the character of the stream. 



"Where timber is brought down 

 rough streams, over waterfalls, and 

 past obstructions it is often badly 

 battered and broken, and gravel and 

 sand become imbedded in a large 

 per cent, of the logs. Occasionally 

 they accumulate iron and spikes, 

 especially where iron dogs are used 

 in rafting. Much of this foreign 

 matter is not readily detected, and 

 mills suffer a monetary loss due to 



(himagcd saws and time lost by the 

 saw-mill crew. 



"The actual loss in log scale from 

 all causes on the Mississippi River 

 drives averages about 10 per cent.; on 

 the Cumberland and Tennessee Riv- 

 ers in Kentucky, 10 per cent.; in 

 Montana, 10 per cent.; spruce, 5 

 to 10 per cent, and bircli, 3 to 27 per 

 cent, on short drives in the North- 

 east; hardwoods in Pennsylvania, 25 

 to 40 per cent.; yellow pine, 20 to 33 

 percent. The loss in the Lake States 

 may be as high as 30 per cent. On 

 short drives of coniferous timber the 

 loss is small and may be from zero 

 to 3 per cent. This loss is due largely 

 to sunken and stranded logs and not 

 to the deterioration of sapwood." 



Evidence In Legal Suit 

 In the case of James L. Gates, 

 Elliott C. Young, Lumber Inspector 

 of District No. 2, Wisconsin, tried in 

 the courts of LaCrosse, Wisconsin, 

 in 1901, an attempt was made by 

 plaintiff to compel defendant to re- 

 imburse him for difference in scale 

 between the "bank" and the boom. 

 During the trial prominent lumber- 

 men from the Black River district 

 testified that "there might and would 

 occur a difference between the woods 

 and mouth scale of from 10 to 30 

 per cent. 



Winning the Children for Forest Conservation 



The scheme of travelling lecture 

 sets, used by the Canadian Forestry 

 Association for the carrying on of its 

 propaganda in many parts of Canada 

 has been developed this winter much 

 beyond the proportions of last year. 



Three outfits are now employed, 

 moving from town to town, and bring- 

 ing the gospel of feres t conservation 

 to thousands of adults and children 

 who could not otherwise be reached 

 without heavy expense and an in- 

 crease of staff. 



What the "Outfits" Are 



These outfits supply from fifty to 

 sixty lantern slides mostly colored, 

 and a readaole manuscript, bound 

 in cloth board covers. They are 

 used chiefly by school boards and 

 churches, most of which possess stere- 

 opticon equipment. A lecturer is 

 chcsen from among the school teach- 

 ers or l^cal clergymen, whose duty 

 it is t'' read the introductory story, 

 and accompany each lantern slide, 

 as projected upon the screen, with a 

 paragraph of descriptive matter, all 



