INTRODUCTION 21 



Second Year 

 Upkeep $7,500 



This upkeep will be continuous annually till the 

 seventh year, but the cost of weeding will be less after 

 three or four years. 



To these expenses must be added cost of land, survey 

 fees, etc. 



When the crop begins to come in, buildings for 

 stores, drying sheds, etc., will have to be provided. 



This rough estimate would do also for cloves, 

 cinnamon, pepper, and plants of that nature, subject 

 to a few alterations due to differences in cultural 

 methods. 



The cost of felling and burning naturally varies 

 according to the class of jungle to be cleared, whether 

 it be heavy forest or secondary scrub, or grass and fern, 

 the former being the most expensive. 



Nowadays, with a view to avoiding injury from 

 fungi attacking the young trees, it is customary to root 

 out all stumps and roots which are liable to harbour 

 parasitic fungi. This is expensive, but it generally pays 

 in the long run. 



Figures for forming estimates for field and garden 

 crops are given under their respective chapters. 



The races which supply the coolie labour of the 

 tropics are the Tamils (natives of southern India), 

 Javanese, Chinese, and Negroes ; Papuans and Anna- 

 mites are used in their respective countries. This 

 labour is comparatively cheap ; white labour in the 

 hot parts of Australia costing about eight times as 

 much, and it is on the cheapness of black labour that 

 many of these cultivations depend. Much of the work, 

 such as felling and burning, is given out on contract. 



LITERATURE 

 General 



FERGUSON, A. All About Spices. 



WATTS, Dr. Dictionary of Economic Products of India. 



SIMMONDS. Tropical Agriculture. 



