8 Sweden. 



much broader than in the former. After these remarks, we will 

 divide the land into the following regions for plants and animals : 



1. The perpetual snow region, which extends from the tops of 

 the highest snow-fells down to the first bushes. In this region the 

 only vegetation are a few ice-plants, lichens, and mosses ; and the 

 animals which belong to them are the glutton, the white fox, 

 the northern hare (Lepus lorealis), the reindeer, and the common 

 weasel. 



2. In the willow and birch region, the lemming, two or three 

 field-mice, the fox, the wolf, the bear, the stoat, the common field- 

 mouse, the little shrew (Sorex pygmceus}, and one bat (Vesper tilio 

 borealis}. 



3. Pine and fir region : long-eared bat, parti-coloured bat, the 

 water-shrew, the lynx, the martin, the otter, the long-tailed field- 

 mouse, the common mouse, three or four species of lemming, the 

 squirrel, the elk, and the red deer. 



4. The oak region, reckoning from that tract where the oak first 

 grows : the great bat, the hedgehog, the common rat, the grey 

 hare (Lepus canescens), the polecat, and the badger. 



5. The beech region : Barbastell bat, mole, dormouse, and roe-deer. 



6. In such tracts where the black mulberry can ripen (Skania) : 

 Here they find fossil remains of the wild boar (Ursus spelceus), 

 beaver, the southern species of reindeer, Bos Urus, B.frontosus, B. 

 longifrons, and B. bison. 



And, as regards the ornithology of the country, we shall see the 

 haunts of the several species of birds just as clearly defined : 



1. In the snow region we find the snow bunting, BurFon's skua, 

 the wheatear, the raven, the rough-legged buzzard, the snowy owl, 

 the short-eared owl, the ptarmigan, the white-fronted goose, the 

 golden plover, the redshank, the dunlin, the purple sandpiper, the 

 common gull, and the herring gull (by the fell lakes), and four or 

 five species of diving duck. Nilsson takes his fell tract in West 

 Norway, 60 N. lat. 



2. In the willow and birch region, the meadow pipit, the blue- 

 throated warbler, the brambling, the mealy redpole, the black- 



