Sweden. 25 



the tunneland, sown always on rye or wheat early in the spring, 

 often on the top of the snow, seldom on oats. A good crop will 

 often yield as much as fifteen loads to the tunneland, and the price 

 of a load of such hay weighing 4oolb., will be 8s. to jos., some- 

 times more. The general price of oat-straw is $s., of rye-straw 3*. 

 per 4oolb. 



The natural meadow-grass is coarse and rough, growing by the 

 sides of the lakes and swamps, and there is no old swarth for 

 pasture such as we see in England. 



As I said before, the growth of turnips is but yet in its infancy ; 

 and, till the land is in a better state by drainage and manure, I do 

 not expect they will make much head. 



The general rotation of crops here is : ist, A dead summer- 

 fallow, followed by rye or wheat sown in August -, 2nd, Grass and 

 clover seeds in the spring, and this will stand two to four years 3 

 3rd, Oats j 4th, Oats or barley - } 5th, Oats or tares ; and then a 

 fallow and rye again. 



I will now proceed to make a few remarks on the live stock of 

 the farm, and wind up with some observations on the subject 

 generally. 



The beef is but poor, and little wonder, seeing that the principal 

 cattle which are slaughtered are either worn-out oxen or cows past 

 milking. Such beef costs about 2\d. per pound. The calves are killed 

 when a few hours old, and such veal is worth 2d. per pound. It is a 

 nasty sight to any one who has been accustomed to the neat, clean ap- 

 pearance of the meat in the London butchers' shops, to see the carcases 

 brought into the market here in the peasants' carts. The pork and 

 mutton are, however, excellent. They seem to have a curious 

 idea, however, here, that " pigs will not pay for fatting." A good 

 pig will generally weigh, when slaughtered, 4oolb. ; and the 

 sheep often 7olb., when of English race. Mutton is worth 

 3^. per pound, and pork about 6s. for the 2olb. In the country 

 every family kill their .own meat, and October and November are 

 the slaughtering months. 



It is strange, considering butter and milk are the two staple com- 



