COMPOSITION OF THE ANIMAL BODY. 3 



wild horses, like those on the Kirgis steppes and Montana 

 ranches, each stallion has his kossiak or "bunch" of brood 

 mares, and the other mares and geldings live in amity 

 together. I have known a horse in the open, failing associa- 

 tion with one of his own kind, seek the companionship of a 

 cow, whose side he would rarely quit. Two horses which 

 work as a pair, or which are close stable companions, as for 

 instance when separated only by a swinging-bail, frequently 

 contract for each other a strong friendship, which one or 

 other will often manifest by loss of appetite and restlessness 

 during his partner's absence. It is evident that in a stable, a 

 stallion should be kept rigidly separated from other horses, 

 and especially from mares. I have pointed out in Illustrated 

 Horse-breaking, that horses recognise mankind far more by 

 the voice than by the appearance, and are quick to perceive 

 differences of meaning conveyed by changes of tone. Hence, 

 a stableman who wishes to be companionable to a horse in 

 his charge, should speak to him as occasion may offer, and 

 should use an invariable tone and an invariable form of words 

 for each respective verbal communication. 



COMPOSITION OF THE ANIMAL BODY. 



The chemical elements found in the body and their general 

 compounds are shown in the two following tables : 



CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF THE BODY. 



Oxygen Potassium Iron 



Hydrogen Sodium Magnesium 



Carbon Sulphur Fluorine 



Nitrogen Chlorine Iodine 



Calcium Silicon Lithium 

 Phosphorus 



CONSTITUENTS OF THE BODY. 



Water Mineral matter 



Nitrogenous matter Carbo-hydrates 



Fat Acids 



Water supplies from about two-fifths to four-fifths of the 



