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CHAPTER IV. 



THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WATERING 

 HORSES. 



Objects of Drinking Water Destination of Water drunk by Horses Conditions 

 which Drinking Water should fulfil Quantity of Drinking Water required 

 daily by Horses Number of Times a Horse requires to drink daily Change 

 of Water Summary of Rules for watering Horses. 



OBJECTS OF DRINKING WATER. 



1. To aid in the nourishment of the system. The import- 

 ance of this duty is shown by the fact that water is the largest 

 constituent of the body, and that its stay in the system is 

 particularly brief, as we may see by the great quantity of it 

 which is expelled by the lungs, skin, kidneys, and other 

 excretory organs. The nutrition of the body is performed 

 by fluids (saliva, gastric juice, bile, blood, etc.) which cannot 

 -act efficiently unless their usual proportion of water is main- 

 tained. Boussingault has proved by experiment that lime 

 {chiefly in the form of carbonate of lime) in water drunk by 

 -animals, assists in the formation of bone and in supplying 

 lime to other tissues. 



2. To keep down any abnormal rise of bodily temperature, 

 which is accomplished by evaporation (p. 12), and also by the 

 loss of heat which the system experiences by warming cold 

 water that has been drunk. This cooling effect by conduction 

 has been demonstrated by H. L. Russell and V. R. Bassett 

 {Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the 



