406 STABLE SERVANTS. 



the quality of the mount depends to a large extent on the 

 good-will of the stable factotum, whom, on that account, it 

 is advisable to conciliate. Without wishing in any way to 

 discuss the morality of tipping, I must say that the enter- 

 tainment of visitors and friends puts a good deal of extra 

 work on servants. The mention of hunting may excuse 

 me for going beyond the province of the stable by saying 

 that a fair tip at the end of the season in the Shires to a 

 huntsman would be from three pounds to five pounds, a 

 sovereign to each whipper-in, and a crown to each earth- 

 stopper. 



LIVERY AND STABLE CLOTHES. 



As a rule, the only stable servants who would wear livery 

 are coachmen (including head coachmen, second coachmen 

 and third coachmen, according to the size of the establish- 

 ment), carriage grooms, second horsemen, and pad grooms. 

 Their livery would consist of a black silk hat, livery 

 coat (like a frock coat, only single-breasted), waistcoat, 

 breeches and top-boots. Besides these articles of clothing, 

 coachmen and carriage grooms, both of whom are dressed 

 in the same manner, would have a double-breasted top-coat, 

 macintosh, and in some cases a fur cape. All servants in 

 livery should wear a stand-up collar with square ends (not 

 turned down), white cotton (usually pique) tie, and gloves. 



The livery coat would be of the colour chosen by the 

 master, and the top-coat would be of the same colour, or of 

 drab, which always looks in place with a servant's top-coat. 

 The buttons of these coats would be gilt or plated, accord- 

 ing as the harness and mountings of the carriage were brass 

 or plated. Uniformity as to colour and buttons should be 

 preserved in the livery of the other servants. 



A master who wishes to avoid the imputation of vulgarity, 

 should bear in mind that the gaudiness of the livery should 



