HANDBOOK OF THE TUKF. 13 



Action-controlling' Power. That quality of instinct 

 in the horse which governs the movements in a balanced form, 

 without loss of muscular exertion. 



Added Money. jVIoney added to a regular purse or 

 stake as an extra inducement for entries. It is given by the 

 track or association in a larger or smaller sum ; as in a sweep- 

 stakes, the horses put in $25 each, and the track adds f 100. 



Adductor. The function of drawing towards; the 

 name of several muscles of locomotion which draw certain 

 parts to, or toward, one common center or median line ; the 

 opposite of abductor. 



Against Time. A performance against the watch ; a 

 trial of speed. All performances against time are required to 

 be made at a regular meeting of a track, society or association 

 in membership with the National or American trotting asso- 

 ciation, in strict accord with the rules of the trotting turf, and 

 under the conduct of judges and timers regularly appointed. 

 No animal can start in such race pending a heat or trial by 

 another animal, nor until the residt of such heat or trial has 

 been announced. There shall be three judges and three timers, 

 and no performance shall take place earlier than 10 o'clock 

 A. M. If a performance against time takes place at a post- 

 poned or continued meeting, such postponement must have 

 been made in accordance with the rules of the trotting turf. 

 The horse starting must start to equal or exceed a specified 

 time, and a losing performance shall not constitute a record or 

 bar. All entries for such performance must be duly made 

 with the official secretary, appear in the printed program 

 of the day, or posted legibly at the judges stand. A reg- 

 ular meeting means a meeting advertised in at least one new^s- 

 paper not less than one week before the commencement of the 

 race, at w^hich time no less than two regular events, (purse or 

 stake), are advertised for each day, one of which must take 

 place. A match race is not considered a regular event. No 

 "matches against time" are allowed by the trotting rules. 



Ag-e of the Horse. Modern science has divided the 

 age of the horse as determined by the dentition into five gen- 

 eral periods. They are : 1, the eruption of the incisors of the 

 first dentition, or from birth to about eight to ten months old ; 

 2, the leveling, progressive use and falling out of the incisors 

 of the first dentition, or from about one year to about two 

 years old ; 3, the eruption of the permanent or adult teeth, or 

 from the age of two, or two and a half years, to between five 

 and six years old ; 4, the leveling of the permanent incisors, or 



