HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 47 



Car. The large increase in the business of campaigning 

 during the past ten years, at once created a great demand for 

 suitable cars in which to safely and comfortably transport val- 

 uable horses long distances. This demand raih-oad companies 

 were unable to meet, hence several private corporations began 

 the building of special cars for campaigning purposes, the first 

 of which were constructed about 1883. The business has so 

 increased that there are now a number of companies buil ling 

 and operating palace horse cars, independent of railroad com- 

 panies, which are equipped for service in either freight or pas- 

 senger trains, and are handled by all railroad and express com- 

 panies on mileage rates. These cars are, as a rule, forty-four 

 feet long, not including the platforms. While they differ 

 somewhat in interior arrangement, it may be said that they 

 are fitted for twelve, sixteen or eighteen horses. In some 

 there are four sections, of three stalls each ; in others four sec- 

 tions, of four stalls each — the stalls extending lengthwise or 

 crosswise of the car, or in a diagonal crosswise manner, accord- 

 ing to the different pattern of car. In most cars the stall par- 

 titions are adjustable, and can be changed to accommodate 

 large or smaller horses — be made in narrow stalls (twenty-six 

 inches wide), or a room, as desired. The cars are well lighted 

 and thoroughly ventilated, the windows being fitted with out- 

 side screens and inside shutters. They are provided with 

 water tanks, mangers, provender and hay compartments, stor- 

 age boxes for carrying dunnage of all kinds, apartments for 

 attendants, and other conveniences. They are so thoroughly 

 built, equipped with so many of the best appliances in car 

 construction, and ride so easily, that they may be well called 

 palace cars. Most companies rent these cars for a fixed rate 

 per mile on runs of three hundred to two thousand miles, or 

 lease them at a fixed rate per month for a shorter or longer 

 time. 



Carpus. The so-called knee of the horse, corresponding 

 to the wrist joint in man. Below the carpal and tarsal bones, 

 (the knee and hock), the fore and hind limbs of the horse are 

 almost an exact duplicate of each other. 



Carriag"e. The general style, action and bearing of a 

 horse when in motion ; as a horse of fine carriage ; he has a 

 proud carriage ; an elegant way of going ; graceful movement. 



Carriage Bit-ancl-Bridoon. A double bit of varying 

 degrees of power in itself. The degree of severity of the curb 

 is regulated to suit the particular mouth, by buckling the reins 

 to the upper or lower slot in the guards, as the need may be. 



