52 HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 



composed of a mass of epithelial cells arranged in tubes lilie 

 the horn of the hoof. Dr. George Fleming says : " In fine bred 

 horses this horny production is much less developed than in 

 the coarser breeds, and is always smaller in the hind legs." 

 Dr. W. H. Flower regards them of the nature of epidermal 

 glands. Some other authors make the distinction that these 

 growths are chestnuts on the fore legs and kerbs on the hind 

 legs, the latter being alwa5'S smaller than the former. In 

 grooming the outside flakes are habitually pulled off either wdth 

 the comb or by hand. 



Cliin-gTOOve. The smooth and rounded under part of the 

 lower jaw, in which the curb chain should lie naturally, without 

 pinching, when the rein is held lightly. The headstall should, 

 in all cases, be of just sufficient length to allow the bit to lie 

 exactly opposite the chin-groove. 



Chinked in the Chine. A term used to describe what 

 is called a '' broken backed " horse. It is legal unsoundness. 



Chromos. Pool tickets. 



Chronograph. A split-second watch ; a timer for track 

 use in catching the time made by a horse in a heat or race ; an 

 instrument for measuring or recording the exact instant in 

 which an event takes place. Applied to various kinds of 

 w^atches so contrived that when a button is pressed the second 

 hand stops, or one of the two second hands stops, or the second 

 hand leaves a dot of ink upon the dial. 



Chute. A straight, or nearly straight, extension of the 

 home stretch of a running course ; the track beyond the finish. 



Cinch. [Local: Western United States.] A saddle 

 girth made of leather, canvas, or woven horsehair. The ends 

 of this tough cordage terminate in long, narrow strips of leather, 

 called in Spanish, latigos — thongs — which connect the cinches 

 with the saddle, and are run through an iron ring and then tied 

 by a series of complicated turns and knots. 



Cipher ; [O]. In Chester's Trotting and Pacing Record, 

 and in the summary of a race, a sign that the horse whose 

 name it follows made a dead heat; as, for example, (3.0), sig- 

 nifies third heat dead. 



Circuit. A tour ; a journey from place to place for the 

 purpose of attending race meetings. A union of two or more 

 associations for the purpose of holding race or trotting meetings 

 at different places and on different dates. 



Circumduct. To move a limb around an imaginary 

 axis in such manner that it describes a conical figure ; the 

 motion given to the fore foot and leg of a liorse that paddles. 



