64 HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 



vice of wind-sucking, which generally leads to tympany, im- 

 paired digestion, and rapid loss of condition. It is believed that 

 in the early stages it can be cured and the horse rendered sound ; 

 but if neglected leads to serious results and becomes a vice, and 

 in its more advanced stages the health and condition of the 

 horse are affected, the digestive organs become impaired, and 

 the horse is imsound because less valuable and less liable to 

 perform his ordinary work. Hanover, in his Law of Horses, 

 says : "As indications of approaching disease it would be diffi- 

 cult to say cribbing was not an unsoundness. A crib-biter will 

 not retain his condition or be fit for constant work." In jNlassa- 

 chusetts Reports, 8, Gray, [1861], 430, AVashburn vs. Cuddihy, 

 " Judge Briggs refused to rule as matter of law, that cribbing 

 was not unsoundness in a horse." 



Crop. [Eng.] A short handled, stout hunting whip, 

 having a hook at one end. It is generally held in the right 

 hand about six inches from the loop, with the hook downwards, 

 the lash coiled up and held in the same hand. This, of course, 

 is when the crop is not in use. 



Cropping. The barbarous practice of cropping or paring 

 and clipping the ears of a horse, which was thought to be the 

 proper thing for fashion, largely practiced in England about 

 1790-1800. 



Cross. If a horse, in attempting to pass another on the 

 homestretch, should at any time cross or swerve so as to impede 

 the progress of a horse behind him, he becomes disqualified 

 from winning that heat. This rule applies to the running and 

 trotting turf, equally. 



Cross-bar. A fore bar attached across the thills of a 

 sulky or carriage, to which the whipple-tree is fastened. A 

 splinter-bar. 



Cross-country Riding. [Eng.] Steeple-chasing or 

 hunting ; riding across fields, over fences, brooks, ditches and 

 hedges. The opposite from road riding. 



Cross-strap. A hopple, or hobble. A leather and 

 elastic attachment placed upon the legs of horses to assist in 

 changing or converting the gait, or to prevent a horse from 

 pacing. Attached to the horse for this purpose it must be 

 crossed, or attached from left fore foot to right hind foot ; and 

 from right fore foot to left hind foot, or ankle. 



Croup. That portion of the upper part of the body of 

 the horse which is situated between the loins in front and the 

 tail behind ; the rump. 



Crui>per. That part of the harness extending from the 



