HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 83 



Elliott's Electrical Chronog^raph. A device for 

 noting and registering the speed of horses in a race. It con- 

 sists of a face seven feet high by sixteen feet long, having in 

 the center a dial seven feet in diameter. On either end are 

 indicators which show the nuinber of the race, number of the 

 heat and number of the winning horse ; also the numbers of 

 the horses occupying second, third and fourth places. On the 

 other end is an indicator showing the time made to the 

 quarter, half, and three-quarters, also the finish, in figures 

 eight inches long, the time being given in sixtieths of a second. 

 Upon the dial are three pointers — one revolving once in five 

 minutes, another revolving every minute, and a third revolving 

 once per second, and stopping on the sixtieth, as the dial is 

 divided. The starting, indicating of the quarters of the course, 

 and the stopping, is done by pressing buttons arranged on a 

 small cabinet to be placed in the judges' stand or any con- 

 venient locality. As the connection is made by electricity, the 

 distance or location of either the chronograph or buttons is a 

 matter of no moment ; only that the machine should be placed 

 where the dial may be seen by the greatest number of persons 

 interested in the race. The quarters, or any intermediate 

 time, is taken without affecting the operation of the chrono- 

 graph, by means of electrotyped dials having figures from one 

 to sixty. Arranged alongside of these dials or discs is an ink- 

 ing ribbon and strip of paper. The pressing of the button by 

 the timer strikes the electric hammer upon this paper, and by 

 means of the inking ribbon the number of seconds or sixtieths 

 of a second at that instant are recorded upon the strip of 

 paper. The finishes are also recorded in the same way, in 

 addition to the record which is made by the large dial outside ; 

 so that at the close of a day's racing the finish of every mile, 

 half, three-quarters, and quarter of a mile, are accurately 

 recorded upon the strips of paper, w^hich may be kept for 

 future reference. The device has a roof and sides of canvas to 

 protect the operator and machinery from the weather, and its 

 entire weight is 950 pounds. 



Enamel. A texture of remarkable hardness forming the 

 real protecting covering of the teeth, although laying under 

 the cement or thin superficial covering. It is said to be of such 

 extreme hardness that it M-ill strike fire from flint. It resists 

 decay longer than the dentine, or larger part of the tooth, and 

 is always found in relief, or raised, on the surface of the table 

 of the tooth. 



Engagement. The appointment or nomination for a 

 race ; an entry. By all the turf rules the seller of a horse sold 



