110 HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. ' 



almost any kind of bit, providing the horse gets a good amoTint of 

 work, will generally have the effect of making him go quietly in 

 time.— The Praeticai Horse Keeper, George Fleiiiing, LL.D., V.S. 

 A light, yet firm, an elastic, yet steady hand on the rein is wliat is 

 wanteil. — Charles Marvin. 



Goodwood Races. So called from Goodwood Park, 

 the seat of the Duke of Richmond, in which they are held. 

 The park is in Sussex, three miles from Chichester, Eng. The 

 races begin the last Tuesday in July of each year, and continue 

 four days, in which Thursday, which is called Cup Day, is the 

 principal. These races, being held in a private park, are very 

 select and are admirably managed. Goodwood Park was pur- 

 chased by Charles, First Duke of Richmond, of the Compton 

 family, then resident in the village of East Lavant, and the 

 races were begun by the Duke, who died in 1806. 



Gr. m. These letters in a summary or list of entries 

 following the name of a horse, signify gray mare. 



Grain Burnt; Burnt Up. Said of a horse in a 

 shrunken, fevered, pinched condition, w^hich has been caused by 

 having been fed too much grain ; the result of forced feeding 

 of grain and too little hay ; especially noticeable among horses 

 kept in city stables. It is very seldom that the condition is due 

 to constitutional defect. 



Grand Circuit. A term applied to the great American 

 trotting circuit which includes iSTew York, Springfield, Buffalo, 

 Rochester, Utica, Cleveland, Pittsburg, Detroit, and other cities, 

 changes in the number being due from year to year to local 

 causes. Originally called the Grand Central Circuit. 



Grease ; Canker ; Scratches. A specific affection of 

 the heels of horses, associated with the growth of a parasitic 

 fungus ; an offensive discharge from the numerous oil-glands, 

 and often the formation of red, raw excrescences from the sur- 

 face known as grapes. " It is," says Dr. Edward Mayhew, M. 

 R. C. V. S., in his important w^ork on the diseases of the horse, 

 " a disgrace to every person connected with the building in 

 which it occurs ; it proves neglect in the proprietor, and want 

 of fitness or positive idleness in the groom." Until cured, grease 

 is an unsoundness. 



Great Trochanter. A muscle situated in the haunches 



whose office is to give speed to the movements of the hind leg, 



abduct the thigh, and assist in rearing. 



The length and volume of its muscular fibers enable it to keep up a 

 sustained action from the time the hind foot takes the ground or in 

 advance of the center of gravity, until it leaves it after completing 

 its propulsive effect. When the foot is off the ground it furnishes 

 the sinews of war offensive and defensive. The distance from the 

 insertion to the fulcrum or head of the bone being so short, it 

 causes the foot when free from the ground to move with great 

 velocity.— Tlie Horse in Motion, J. D. B. Stillmau. 



